The Crimean War

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The Crimean War

• or if you are France and Great Britain you want
  to weaken the Ottoman Empire but a stronger
  Russia is a NONo!!!

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The Crimean War 1854-1856

• Centuries long rivalry between the Ottoman Empire
  and Russian Empire
• Russia wanted greater access to the Mediterranean
  Sea
• Russia wanted control over the Slavic peoples in
  the Ottoman lands in Europe
• Russia wanted to take advantage of the growing
  internal weakness of the Ottoman Empire the
  sick man of Europe

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• Nicholas I of Russia
• Wanted the Ottoman provinces of Moldavia (present
  day Moldova) and Walachia (present day Romania).
  Nicholas stated that Pan-Slavism and the Russian
  belief that they were the protectors of the
  Orthodox Church demanded that Russia control
  those provinces and the people in them.

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• Nicholas I was angered when the Ottoman Turks
  gave France control over the Christian shrines in
  Palestine. Traditionally, Orthodox priests
  controlled the shrines such as the Church of the
  Holy Sepulchre, etc. The Turks actions meant
  that Roman Catholic France would run the shrines.
  It was a tremendously important symbolic slap at
  Russia.

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• Summer of 1853 Russian troops moved into
  Moldavia and Walachia that fall the Ottoman
  Empire declared war on Russia.
• This should have meant Russian victory in the
  eastern Mediterranean and Balkans.
• BUT..

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• The thought of Russian expansion even against
  the Muslim Turks infuriated Great Britain and
  France. Both nations wanted to keep Russia in
  check.
• Napoleon III also hoped that a war would help him
  raise his popularity in France.
• 28 March 1854 Great Britain and France declared
  war on Russia

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• Nicholas I hoped that Austria and Prussia would
  come to his aid but both remained neutral.
• Austria actually had eyes on the Balkans and did
  not want Russia to play an active role in
  southern Europe.

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The War

• Battle of Sevastopol 1855 after a long siege
  the Russian fortress fell
• Charge of the Light Brigade popularized by
  Alfred, Lord Tennyson
• Florence Nightingale the lady with the lamp
  developed formalized nursing.

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• Florence Nightingale

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1856 Treaty of Paris

• Highly unfavorable to Russia
• 1. Russia surrendered land at the mouth of the
  Danube River
• 2. Russia had to recognize the neutrality of the
  Black Sea
• 3. Russia had to renounce claims to protectorate
  over Christians in the Ottoman Empire
• 4. Russian forces had to leave Walachia and
  Moldavia

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The Results of the Crimean War

• 1. Image of the invincible Russia was destroyed
  internally and externally
• 2. British were alarmed that their army was not
  up to their expectations
• 3. Austria was embarrassed by remaining neutral
  so it tried to develop more influence over the
  German Confederation
• 4. Prussia became alarmed at Austrias move to
  have more influence in Germany Prussia began a
  movement that would result with it unifying
  Germany