Cellular Transport

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Cellular Transport
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Cellular Transport

• Cell membrane is selectively permeable
• Factors that affect permeability
• Size
• Polarity
• Presence or Absence or Protein Channels or
  Receptors

• Role of lipid bilayer
• Role of channel or integral proteins.
• Role of Receptors.

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Diffusion

• Movement of substances from high concentration to
  low concentration.
• Concentration Gradient.
• Movement down a concentration gradient.
• Due in part to random, rapid motion of molecules.

• Net Movement
• Equilibrium State
• Simple Diffusion.
• Roles in the Body.
• Factors that Affect Rate
• permeability of membrane.
• Size of gradient
• temperature

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Osmosis

• Diffusion of water through a selectively
  permeable membrane.
• Movement of water from less salty to more
  salty
• Movement of water from low solute concentration
  to high solute concentration.
• Movement of water from high water concentration
  to low water concentration.

• Hypertonic
• Hypotonic
• Isotonic
• From hypotonic to hypertonic
• Slug
• Importance in plants and animals
• turgor pressure

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OSMOSIS IN EVERYDAY LIFE

• Preservation of food
• Eating of salty or sugary foods
• Salt on a slug
• Contractile vacuoles in plants
• Saltwater and Freshwater fish

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OSMOSIS DEMONSTRATION(DIALYSIS BAGS)
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OSMOSIS EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
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ROLE OF OSMOSIS IN PLANT CELLS

• 1. TRANSPIRATION
• 2.PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• 3. TURGOR PRESSURE
• 4. SUPPORT

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OSMOSIS IN PLANT CELLS
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION PLASMOLYSIS
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION NORMAL TURGOR PRESSURE
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OSMOSIS IN PLANT CELLS (Elodea)
Plasmolyzed cells
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OSMOSIS IN PLANT CELLS (Potato Cores)
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Osmosis and Animal Cells
NO CHANGE
WILL LYSE
CRENATION
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OSMOSIS AND ANIMAL CELLS
WILL LYSE
CRENATE
NO CHANGE
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Osmosis

• Plasmolysis
• Crenation
• Bursting

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Facilitated Diffusion

• Movement from high concentration to low
  concentration through carrier proteins.
• Used to move ionic or large substances into or
  out of cells.
• Passive process.
• Carrier proteins are specific. (will only move
  one substance)

• Important for moving sugars and amino acids into
  cells

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Active Transport

• Sodium-Potassium Pump
• Pumps sodium out of cells and potassium into
  cells.
• Important for the functioning of nerves and
  muscles.
• Pump is a membrane protein and an enzyme--ATPase.
• Process uses more ATP than any other in the body.
• Buildup of ionic gradients during photosynthesis
  and cellular respiration.

• Movement of substances against a concentration
  gradient.
• From low concentration to high concentration.
• Requires energy.
• Basically like pumping a substance.
• ATP must be hydrolyzed to fuel this process.

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Endocytosis

• Process of engulfing large particles and
  enclosing them within invaginations of the cell
  membrane.
• Phagocytosis
• Examples
• Role of lysosomes

• Pinocytosis
• role of receptors
• receptor-mediated endocytosis
• hormones, enzymes, blood materials, etc
• HIV and other pathogens.

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