Flavio Gatti

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TES microcalorimeters in the European context

• Flavio Gatti
• University and INFN, Genoa

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TES m-calorimeters context

• TES (Transition Edge Sensor) is without any doubt
  the reference technology for very high resolution
  EDXS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)
• TES m-calorimeters are presently the LTD (Low
  Temperature Detectors) with the most outstanding
  spectral performance (2.3 eV FWHM at 6KeV- NIST
  2005, USA)
• TES allow a count rate at 103 cps and better
• Q.E. aproches 80-100, depending on the spectral
  range

NIST, 2005 single pixel best result
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TES m-calorimeters context

• TES technology takes advantage of the widely
• TES are made by using extensively
  micro-fabrication techniques (surface or bulk
  micromachining) and planar all metal thin film
  techniques, widely used in MEMS and
  Microelectronis

GFSC Surf. Micr.
SRON
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SRON PIXEL
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TES m-calorimeters context

• TES allow imaging
• TES m-calorimeters can be integrated in a
  close-packed array with high filling factor for
  imaging
• US (NIST, GSFC-NASA), EU(SRON) have made small
• arrays from 3x3 to 5x5
• 32x32 array with read-out fabricated for the
  SCUBA-2 exp.

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TES m-calorimeters context

• TES read-out is made by SQUID preamplifier
• SQUID technology is well established but fast
  Multiplexed read out is a peculiar development
  needed for these application

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TDM
FDM
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TES m-calorimeters context

• TES micro-calorimeter works below 0.1 K
• Development of dedicated of fridge assembly for
  space application is mandatory
• Huge steps forward in the 0.1 K cooling
  techniques has been made in the last few years
  ADR based fridge

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The European Context

• Main question is it possible to take in charge
  the TES detector technology (as a whole) and
  demonstrate the capability to manage them in
  order to provide an instrument for a EU X-ray
  Mission?
• In EU there is deep expertise in many field of
  the TES technology, but fractioned in several
  countries and institution.
• These activities are mostly under-funded and not
  coordinated
• Without any doubt excellent results in
  technological achievements ( i.e. array
  technology ) and spectral performance, 3 eV FWHM
  at 6KeV have been made by the SRON group.

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EURECA consortium

• An EURopEan MicroCalorimeter Array
• Brings together Europes foremost research and
  technology laboratories working on cryogenic
  detectors for X-ray instrumentation in a joint
  effort to develop an Imaging X-ray
  Microcalorimeter
• the baseline design already lead to an
  instrument, currently non-existent in Europe and,
  which will be fully competitive with similar
  developments in US and Japan
• research on detectors and read-out still
  continues, improved detector designs, detector
  types, electronics, and read-out concepts are
  developed. The baseline design of the Imaging
  X-ray ? ex. tech. break-through in oder to
  achieve 1 eV

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• The main goal is
• to develop and integrate cryogenic imaging X-ray
  detectors and read-out electronics in an
  appropriate cooler by the 2007.
• Achieve a state-of-the-art performance of a
  cryogenic microcalorimeter array and its
  read-out. No such instrument exists within Europe
  
• The principal motivation
• for this activity is that futur X-ray
  astrophysical mission will most likely employ
  imaging X-ray microcalorimeters The missions are
  either an European effort or will be based on a
  collaboration between Europe, USA and/or Japan
  (ESTREMO,DIOS,NEW).
• Outside astrophysics
• possible niche-applications may exist in material
  sciences and fusion plasma diagnostics
  non-astrophysical users could be a big community!

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The EURECA instruments
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EURECA performance guideline for a XEUS-like
mission
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EURECA CONSORTIUM

• Mullard Space Science Laboratory, and X-ray
  Astronomy Group Univ. Leicester Cryogenics,
  Signal analisys
• VTT, Observatory/University of Helsinki SQUID
  readout and FDM
• Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Uni. Heidelberg
  MMC as future opportunity
• JAXA, Metropolitan Univ, Seiko II an alternative
  readout electronics
• Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona,
  Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Instituto de
  Microelectrónica de Madrid, Instituto de
  Nanotecnología de Aragón, Instituto de Ciencia de
  Materiales de Aragón electronic integrated
  components and films

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ITALIAN CONTEXT

• INAF (Rome), INFN (Genua), Alenia Spazio (Milano)
  participate to the consortium
• In the EURECA the Italian Groups are committed to
  develop and study TES development IrAu (INFN)
  and Superconducting absorber (INFN), perform test
  and study on final prototype (INAF), cold
  FLL-electronics (Alacatel-Alenia Spazio)
• INFN has a long history (20 years) in LTD (in
  particular Genoa devoted the last 10 years in TES
  developments) and Rome INAF group has an
  outstanding position in spaced base HEA.

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The Italian Group

• The group is collaborating in order to speed up
  the TES development for a flight instrument.
• However a 5.9 eV resolution has been already
  achieved
• The Group is working on new detector design
  aiming to demonstrate the 2-3 eV resolution in a
  short time.

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