WWI The Treaty of Versailles

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• WWI? The Treaty of Versailles ?
• Frustration
• Poverty
• Authoritarian governments
• Continued colonization
• Investment in military RD
• The exact opposite of the world that President
  Wilson envisioned!

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Roots of the Great Depression

• In the US
• Massive consumerism
• Defaulting on credit
• High tariffs on trade
• In Europe
• High tariffs on trade
• War debts to US
• Loss of labor, factories, farmland

• In Germany
• War reparations payments
• Loss labor, factories, farmland
• Versailles restrictions
• High tariffs on trade
• In rest of the world
• High tariffs on trade
• Dependency status
• Boom bust economies

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? Hoovervilles during the Great Depression in
America
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The Dawes Plan (1924) A cycle of money from U.S.
loans to Germany, which then made reparations to
other European nations, which then used the money
to pay off their debts to America it locked the
western world's economy to the U.S. economy just
before the US stock market crashed in 1929
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Ideology isms of the 1930s
Communism appeals to the poor Fascism appeals
to the middle/upper classes Militarism dominant
in European successor states and Latin
America Nationalism rampant in colonies, China
and successor states Zionism Jewish nationalism
- demand for a homeland in Palestine
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Stalin and the party leaders who survived the
Great Purges

• By the mid-1930s , Stalins purges had
  eliminated many leaders and other members from
  the Soviet Communist Party. This photograph of a
  meeting of a party congress in 1936 shows a
  number of the surviving leaders with Stalin, who
  sits fourth from the right in the front row.

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• Mussolini greets his blackshirted supporters
  after their march on Rome in October 1922.
  Mussolini himself, who had journeyed to Rome by
  train, is dressed in formal attire to meet King
  Victor Emmanuel III (r. 19001946), who offered
  him the post of prime minister in a new
  government.

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Hitler during Nazi Party rally

• During a Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg in 1927,
  Adolf Hitler stops his motorcade to receive the
  applause of the surrounding crowd. In the late
  1920s, the Nazi movement was only one of many
  bringing strife to the Weimar Republic.

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Young Nazi women saluting

• Young women among an enthusiastic crowd extend
  the Nazi salute at a party rally in 1938. Nazi
  ideology encouraged women to favor traditional
  domestic roles over employment in the workplace
  and to bear many children.

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Steps to War

• March 1935 Hitler denounces the Treaty of
  Versailles and begins building a military
• March 1936 Hitler re-militarizes the Rhineland
• November 1936 Hitler and Italy form the Axis
• 1936-1939 Spanish Civil War
• March 1938 the Anschluss of Austria
• September 1938 the Munich Conference gives the
  Sudentenland to Hitler
• March 1939 Hitler takes the rest of
  Czechoslovakia
• August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

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Spanish Civil War "No pasaran!" (They shall not
pass)," proclaimed the charismatic Spanish
communist Dolores Ibarruri (1895-1989), whose
impassioned speeches and radio broadcasts helped
inspire the heroic defense of Madrid during the
civil war that gripped Spain during the later
1930s. This poster depicts Spanish soldiers
defending the democratic republic against the
antidemocratic nationalists seeking to overthrow
it.
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Germany absorbs Austria With the defeat and
dismemberment of the Empire, Austria was left a
small, landlocked country after World War I. Most
Austrians would have welcomed unification with
Germany, but the peacemakers specifically
prohibited any such step. As it happened, Austria
was unified with Germany on Hitler's terms with
the Anschluss of March 1938. Here Austrians look
on as German troops march into Salzburg
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British Newspaper with headlines about Munich and
photo of Chamberlain Mussolini

• As the front page of this British newspaper
  shows, there was general enthusiasm in Britain
  for the Munich agreement of September 1938. It
  did not last. Opinion turned decisively against
  appeasing Germany when Hitler occupied Prague in
  March 1939.

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Steps to War

• March 1935 Hitler denounces the Treaty of
  Versailles and begins building a military
• March 1936 Hitler re-militarizes the Rhineland
• November 1936 Hitler and Italy form the Axis
• 1936-1939 Spanish Civil War
• March 1938 the Anschluss of Austria
• September 1938 the Munich Conference gives the
  Sudentenland to Hitler
• March 1939 Hitler takes the rest of
  Czechoslovakia
• August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact