WWI Comes to an End

1
WWI Comes to an End

• The Terms of Peace
• Creating a New Europe

2
Defeat of Central Powers

• 1918 Russia out of the War
• Central Powers focus on taking over Paris
• May 1918 just 37 miles from Paris but U.S. troops
  arriving everyday.
• End of September 1918
• Bulgaria surrenders
• Soon after Turkey asks for peace
• Austria-Hungarian empire breaks up

3

• Armistice an agreement to stop fighting
• November 11, 1918 at 1100 a.m. all fighting
  stops and WWI comes to an end

4
Terms of Armistice

• Germany agrees to
• Cancel treaty with Russia
• Give up a large part of its navy including all
  submarines
• Turn over much of its munitions
• Release war prisoners

5
Cost of WWI

• 8.5 million dead
• 1.8 million Germans, 1.8 million Russians
• 1.4 million French
• 1 million Austria and Hungary
• 1 million British
• 110,000 U.S.
• 21 million wounded
• Total cost was more than 300 billion

6
Paris Peace Conference

• Where Versailles (outside of Paris)
• When January 1919
• Why To arrange terms of peace
• Who
• British Prime Minister David Lloyd George
• French Premier Georges Clemenceau
• Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando
• U.S. President Woodrow Wilson

7
Conflict of Interests

• France wanted security over another German
  attack, return of Alsace-Lorraine
• Britain wanted Germanys Africans colonies
  destruction of Germanys navy
• Italy also wanted land
• Japan wanted German colonies in the Pacific

8
The Fourteen Points

• President Woodrow Wilsons plan for peace
• Six were general
• Eight dealt with specific countries/regions (ex
  Alsace-Loraine)
• Main goal was to build a just and safer world

9
Six General Ideas of 14 Points

• 5. Adjust colonial claims so they are fair to
  imperialists and colonists
• 6. Establishment of a general association of
  nations for protection of all countries.

• 1. No secret treaties
• 2. Freedom of the seas for all nations
• 3. Removal of all economic barriers (tariffs)
• 4. Reduction of national weapons

10

• U.S. Wanted organization to maintain world
  peace called League of Nations
• Idea was well liked
• Many thought it was not realistic
• Reparations payment for war damages
• Who should pay? How much?

11
What Kind of Peace?

• Option 1 Fair and not so harsh that it would
  kindle future wars
• Option 2 Germany caused the war, should be
  punished harshly to prevent them from ever being
  powerful again.

12
Treaty of Versailles

• 1. Pay reparations
• 2. Admit guilt
• 3. Give up territory
• 4. Not build up Rhineland
• 5. Free Poland
• 6. Make Danzig a free city

• 7. Allow allied troops in Rhineland
• 8. Establish Polish Corridor to sea
• 9. Not manufacture war materials
• 10. Make army smaller
• 11. Establish League of Nations