Title: NIOSH Occupational Health and Safety Research Around Moving Vehicles
1NIOSH Occupational Health and Safety Research
Around Moving Vehicles
Roger Rosa National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health December 8, 2004
2NIOSH MissionProvide leadership in research to
prevent work-related illness, injury, disability,
and death.
3Strategic Goals
Conduct research to reduce work-related illnesses
and injuries.Promote safe and healthy
workplaces through interventions, recommendations
and capacity building.Enhance global workplace
safety and health through international
collaborations
4NIOSH Locations
NIOSH Staff 14, 000Annual Budget 280 million
5NIOSH Programs
- Surveillance and Tracking
- Research
- Prevention Intervention
- Information Dissemination
- Training
6Scope of the Problem
- Transportation Incidents
- Account for 43 of work-related deaths.
- Highest number and rate of all causes.
- These incidents are not declining at the rate of
other work-related injuries.
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8Occupational Fatalities
9Occupational Fatalities
10Occupational Fatalities
11Fatal and Nonfatal Injury Focus Areas
- Aviation (Alaska)
- Small Aircraft
- Helicopter Logging
- Commercial Fishing
- Alaska and Maine
12Fatal and Nonfatal Injury Focus Areas
- Motor Vehicles On- and Off-Road
- Roadway
- Farming
- Mining
- Construction
- Forklifts
13Health and Chronic DisorderFocus Areas
- Roadway Dust Exposures
- Diesel Fume and Particle Exposures
- Low-Back and Cumulative Trauma Disorders
- Reproductive Disorders
14Related Areas
- Working Hours, Stress, Fatigue
- Noise and Hearing Loss
- Technical Assistance
- Health Hazard Evaluations
- Specialized Injury and Health Surveillance and
Tracking - Fatality Investigations (FACE)
- Firefighter Fatality Investigations
- Emergency Dept. Follow-up
15Occupational Fatalities in Alaska
16Commuter and Small Carrier Aviation in Alaska
- Occupational fatality rate of 380/100,000/year
during 1990-2003 - Unique geography and conditions
- But worse than the Nordic Countries
17Commuter and Small Carrier Aviation in Alaska
Partners Federal Aviation Administration (FAA),
Department of Transportation (DOT), Civil
Aeromedical Institute (CAMI), the National
Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), and the
National Weather Service (NWS), the Alaska Air
Carriers Association, and the Alaska Airmen's
Association
18Commuter and Small Carrier Aviation in Alaska
- Epidemiologic Risk Survey and Analysis
- Develop and Evaluate Interventions
- Pilot and passenger training programs
- Promote safety culture
- Improve weather information
- Time management
- Avionics Equipment
19Commuter and Small Carrier Aviation in Alaska
- Current and near-future plans are to evaluate
intervention and safety communication efforts - Use systematic surveillance to track progress
20Commercial Fishing
- Occupational fatality rate of 140/100,000/year in
Alaska - Drowning, presumed drowned, or hypothermia,
caught in machinery - Result of vessel capsizing or sinking or falling
overboard, unstable platforms, fatigue, weather,
equipment layout
21Commercial Fishing
- Recommendations
- Vessel stability and integrity
- Skipper licensing and training
- Crew training
- Diver training
- Watch and staffing requirements
- Management culture and engagement
- PFD for overboard protection
22Commercial Fishing
- Near-Future Plans
- Analyze deck injuries
- Develop and evaluate recommendations for deck
safety
23RoadwayNIOSH Hazard Review
- Crash data
- Regulations
- Special topics distracted driving, age, fatigue
- Safety recommendations
- Internet and print resources
www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-119/pdfs/2003-119.pdf
24Partnership Activities
- ANSI Z-15 Committee, Safe Practices for Motor
Vehicle Operations - Voluntary best practices standard geared to
non-CMV drivers - Network of Employers for Traffic Safety
- Public-private partnership delivering traffic
safety information through employers - TRB Truck and Bus Safety Committee
- Preparing a Circular on truck and bus safety
research
25Roadway Research Projects
- Trucking focus
- Work Organization Influence on Fatigue in Truck
Drivers - Examining organizational factors associated with
driver fatigue and crashes - Mortality among Independent Owner-Operator Truck
Drivers - Assessing whether truck drivers are at risk of
premature mortality from specific diseases
26 Roadway Research Projects (cont.)
- Focus on other worker populations
- Ambulance Crash Survivability Improvement
- Developing engineering interventions to improve
occupant restraint systems and structural
integrity of ambulance patient compartment - Risk Factors for Vehicle Crashes among Public
Employees - Analyzing nonfatal crash data for state DOT
employees and assessing vehicle safety programs
collaborating with U.S. Department of Defense to
develop research project
27Future Considerations
- Workplace driving by drivers of smaller company
vehicles and personal vehicles - Behavioral aspects of workplace driving
- Impact of in-vehicle technologies
- The role of commuting in workplace crashes
- Frequency and intensity of workplace driving by
non-CMV drivers
28Future Considerations (cont.)
- Workplace driving by priority populations such as
Hispanic workers - Matching of CFOI and FARS data sets
- Occupational road safety policies and practices
outside the U.S. - Motor vehicle safety initiative with OSHA
29Evaluating Roadway Construction Workzone
Interventions
- Prevent workers from being struck by construction
trucks and equipment.
30- Limit exposure of workers-on-foot to construction
traffic. - Focus on blind areas around construction vehicles
and equipment. - Develop exposure monitoring system(s)
- Evaluate injury prevention measures
31Proximity Warning Systems
Radar
Sonar detection zone
Camera
32INTERNAL TRAFFIC CONTROL PLANS
Paving Model Plan
33Work Zone Analysis System
GPS Video Observer
WZAS Trailer
34Surface MiningProximity Warning Systems
- Evaluating a combination of radar and cameras on
off-highway dump trucks.
35Proximity Sensor and Warning Systems for Forklifts
- Ultrasonic and laser sensors
- Pulsed versus broadband warning signals
36Long range ultrasonic sensor
Laser sensor
Laser sensor
37Safety in Agriculture
- Rollover Protection Systems (ROPS) for Tractors
- Auto-ROPS deploys on tilt
38Safety in Agriculture
- Alerts to Prevent Deaths and Injuries to Youth
- ATVs and Tractors
39Ergonomic Evaluation and Improvement of Mobile
Equipment
40Ergonomic Evaluation and Improvement of Mobile
Equipment
- Objective Reduce musculoskeletal injuries by
evaluating and improving the design of mobile
equipment used in mining, construction, and
agriculture industries.
41Ergonomic Evaluation and Improvement of Mobile
Equipment
- Evaluate Cab Design.
- Characterize whole-body vibration exposure to the
operators. - Collect health work history questionnaire data
from operators to better understand exposure and
health outcome. - Evaluate available controls effectiveness in
reducing back discomfort associated with static
sitting. - Evaluate landing forces as operators exit the
equipment and postural stability after exposure
to whole-body vibration.
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45Diesel Exposure Study
46Diesel Exposure Study
- Evaluate mortality, particularly from lung
cancer, with regard to diesel exhaust exposure. - Determine whether lung cancer mortality increases
in relation to level of exposure to diesel
exhaust taking into account smoking and other
potential confounders
47Diesel Exposure Study
- Cohort mortality study
- Nested case-control study of lung cancer
- Current exposure assessment component
- Historical exposure component
- Biomarker component
48Hydrogen as a Viable Vehicle Fuel at an
Underground Metal Mine
- Reduce miners exposure to diesel particulate
matter by using alternative fuel. - Developed a vehicle that is powered by an
internal combustion engine modified to burn
hydrogen. - Zero Emissions Utility Solution, or ZEUS, vehicle
has completed initial underground testing at the
Stillwater Mine in Nye, Montana.
49ZEUS CO Emissions Comparison
50Other NIOSH Health Studies
- Reproductive Health Study of Female Flight
Attendants - A Cytogenetic Study of Markers of Cosmic
Radiation Exposure and Effects Among Pilots - Control of Disease Transmission in Commercial
Aircraft Cabins
51Current Extramural Grants
- Violence Against Truckers
- Truckers Access to Health Care
- Medical Residents Working Hours and Crash History
52Recent Extramural Grants
- Auditory Motion and Pedestrial-Motor Vehicle
Collisions - Trucking Firm Characteristics, Driver Injury, and
Outcome - Work-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes Reducing the
Burden