Language and NVC

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Nonverbal Communication
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Components

• Paralanguage
• Body motion (kinesics)
• Proxemics
• Haptics
• Olfaction
• Artifacts

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Topics

• Emotion
• Individual Differences
• Interaction Process
• Structure
• Strategy
• Childs Interaction Competence
• Initial Language Acquisition

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Topics

• Emotion
• Individual Differences
• Interaction Process
• Structure
• Strategy
• Interaction Strategy
• Childs Interaction Competence
• Initial Language Acquisition

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Language..........NVC

• Indicative....................Affective
• Content.......................Relationship
• Digital.........................Analog
• Referential..................Indexical

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Nonverbal Communication Expression of Emotion
? Facial Expressions
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Basic Emotions

• happiness
• disgust
• fear/surprise
• sadness
• anger

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Ekmans Facial Expressions of Emotion
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Characteristics of EmotionDisplays

• Universal
• Blends

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Characteristics of EmotionDisplays

• Universal
• Blends
• Display rules

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Production of Individual Messages
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Topics

• Emotion
• Individual Differences
• Interaction Structure
• Interaction Strategy
• Childs Interaction Competence
• Initial Language Acquisition

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Individual DifferencesNonverbal Communication
used as an Index of

• transient internal states, or
• stable personal characteristics
• influencing the course of the interaction

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Simple-rate Variables

• Rate Rate of Gazing while Speaking
• Number of Gazes/Time Speaking
• Extent Time Gazing while Speaking
• Time Gazing/Time Speaking

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Negative r Gaze Rate Speaking x Turn
TimePositive r Gaze Rate Not Speaking x Turn
Time

• Two counts of gazing requires gazing and gazing
  away.
• Which is producing the effect gazing or gazing
  away?
• How many are required to produce the effect?
• When were the gazes occurring beginning, end, or
  middle of turn?
• Why did this relationship exist (mechanism)?

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• Where were the gazes occurring?
• Where were the turn exchanges occurring relative
  to gaze?

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As Smiling x Bs SmilingFirst half
Second half

• As smiling
• Bs Smiling

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Interaction

• Interconnectedness of actions
• Mutual contingency of actions
• Bidirectionality

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PseudounilateralityPU error
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Production of Individual Messages
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Topics

• Emotion
• Individual Differences
• Interaction Process
• Structure
• Strategy
• Childs Interaction Competence
• Initial Language Acquisition

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Topics

• Emotion
• Individual Differences
• Interaction Structure
• Interaction Strategy
• Childs Interaction Competence
• Initial Language Acquisition

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Interaction Structure

• Elements one or more actions
• Rules appropriate sequences of elements within
  the interaction

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SEQUENTIAL RULES

• OBLIGATORY RULE
• An element must or must not occur at a specified
  point in the stream of interaction.
• OPTIONAL RULE
• A legitimate choice between elements is available
  at a specified point in the stream of interaction.

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Obligatory Rule
Element A
Element B
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OPTIONAL RULE
Speaking turn is exchanged
Yes
Does auditor take speaking turn ?
No
Speaker retains turn
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OPTIONAL RULEAvailable Alternatives are

• Fully appropriate within the structure, and
• Consequential make a difference in the course of
  the interaction.
• ? The choice itself is required.

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Turn Signal Components(interchangeable actions)

• Intonation
• Paralinguistic pitch or loudness
• Paralinguistic drawl
• Ending a gesticulation
• Completion of grammatical clause
• Sociocentric sequence

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Topics

• Emotion
• Individual Differences
• Interaction Process
• Structure
• Strategy
• Childs Interaction Competence
• Initial Language Acquisition

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The Childs Early Interaction with Others

• Scaffolding
• Framing
• Convention-based interaction

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Interaction Strategy

• Joint construction of an interaction by both
  participants
• Structure must be known.

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Interaction

• Interconnectedness of actions
• Mutual contingency of actions
• Bidirectionality

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Topics

• Emotion
• Individual Differences
• Interaction Process
• Structure
• Strategy
• Childs Interaction Competence
• Initial Language Acquisition

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