Chapter Nine

1
Chapter Nine

• Developing Introductions and Conclusions

2
Chapter Nine

• Table of Contents
• The Introduction Enlisting the Audience
• The Conclusion Making it Motivating and
  Memorable

3
Introduction Enlisting the Audience

• Gaining Attention The First Step
• Introducing the Purpose and Topic
• Previewing the Main Points
• Motivating the Audience to Accept Your Goals

4
The IntroductionGaining Attention The First
Step

• Tactics
• Use a quotation
• Pose questions
• Say something startling
• Use humor
• Tell a story

• Illuminate with images
• Refer to a recent event or person in the public
  eye
• Express interest in the audience

5
The IntroductionIntroducing the Purpose and
Topic

• Declare what your speech is about and what you
  hope to accomplish.

6
The IntroductionPreviewing the Main Points

• Helps the audience mentally organize your speech.
• Helps you keep the audiences attention.
• outline main points and the order in which they
  will be addressed.

7
The IntroductionMotivating the Audience to
Accept your Goals

• Make the Topic Relevant.
• connect the topic to the experiences and
  background of your audience.
• Establish Credibility as a Speaker
• briefly emphasize some experience, knowledge or
  perspective you have that is different or more
  extensive than that of your audience.

8
The Conclusion Making it Motivating and Memorable

• Alerting the Audience
• Summarizing the Main Points and Goals
• Leaving the Audience with Something to Think
  About

9
The Conclusion Making it Motivating and Memorable

• Provides the final opportunity for the speech to
  leave the right impression.

10
The ConclusionAlerting the Audience

• It is your job, as a speaker, to tell the
  audience where you are in a speech.
• transition statements
• signpost words and phrases

11
The ConclusionSummarizing the Main Points and
Goals

• Repetition is one of the most effective ways for
  listeners to remember the key elements of oral
  communication.
• emphasizing the main points three times will help
  the audience to remember them.
• reiterate the topic and purpose.

12
The ConclusionLeaving the Audience with
Something to Think About

• Call to action- a concluding challenge from a
  speaker to an audience to act in response to the
  speech.

13
The ConclusionLeaving the Audience with
Something to Think About

• Challenge the Audience to Respond
• show the audience members that the problem or
  issue is real and personally relevant to them.

14
The ConclusionLeaving the Audience with
Something to Think About

• Use Quotations
• using a quotation that captures the essence of
  the speech can be a very effective way to close a
  speech.

15
The ConclusionLeaving the Audience with
Something to Think About

• Relate a Story
• brings the entire speech into focus very
  effectively
• helps the audience visualize the speech.

16
The ConclusionLeaving the Audience with
Something to Think About

• Ask a Rhetorical Question
• drives home the speech theme.
• effective way to make a speech linger.