Chapter Nine

1
Chapter Nine

• Africa South of the Sahara

2
A New Dawn?

• A Heritage of Resources and History
• The Challenges of the Present

3
African Cultures

• Ethnic Diversity and Shared Cultures
• African Empires
• Muslims in the North and East
• Colonial Regimes
• Slave Trade
• Explorers and Colonies
• Colonists Who Settled
• Colonial Government

4
African Cultures (contd)

• Independence and After
• Colonial Country Borders
• Multinationals and Raw Materials
• Cold War and Subsequent Pressures
• Southern Africa Development Conference
• Population and Environmental Pressures
• Sahel
• Governments and Global Institutions

5
African Cultures (contd)

• Can Africa Claim the Twenty-First Century?
• Four Areas of Action
• Improved governance and conflict resolution
• Investment in people
• Economic diversification
• Reduced aid dependence, debt, and stronger
  intraregional partnerships

6
Natural Environments and Resources

• Tropical Climates
• Changing Climates
• Ancient Rocks, Plateaus, Rifts, and Volcanoes
• Plateaus
• Rift Valleys
• Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya

7
Natural Environmentsand Resources (contd)

• Ancient Landscapes
• Niger River
• Nile River
• Congo River
• Zambezi River
• Orange River
• Forests, Savannas, and Deserts
• Resources

8
Natural Environmentsand Resources (contd)

• Environmental Problems
• Drought and Desertification
• Soil Quality Losses
• Wildlife
• Tropical Diseases
• HIV/AIDS Pandemic

9
Africa, Globalization, and Localization

• Loser in the global economy
• Provides cheap raw materials to the materially
  wealthy Western world
• Debtors and recipients of aid
• Local rather than global orientations

10
Subregions

• Central Africa
• Western Africa
• Eastern Africa
• Southern Africa

11
Central Africa

• Countries
• Tutsi
• Hutu
• People
• Ethnicity
• Urban and Rural Distribution
• Population Dynamics
• Increasing rapidly

12
Central Africa (contd)

• Economic Development
• Dominant Agriculture
• Forestry, Fishing, and Mining
• Emerging Manufacturing
• Transportation is Vital
• French Links
• Communauté Financière Africaine (CFA)

13
Western Africa

• Countries
• People
• Ethnicity
• Urbanization
• Population Dynamics

14
Western Africa (contd)

• Economic Development
• Primacy of Agriculture
• Forestry, Fishing, and Mining
• Manufacturing
• Services

15
Eastern Africa

• Countries
• Ethiopia and Neighboring Countries
• Former British East Africa
• People
• Ethnicity
• Population Dynamics

16
Eastern Africa (contd)

• Economic Development
• Agriculture is Central
• Variable Manufacturing Development
• Services and Tourism

17
Point-CounterpointFamine in Africa

• Famine Induced by Human Actions

• Famine Due to Natural Causes
• Widespread famine occurs when there is drought
  and is a matter of climate and climate change. It
  is a major problem in the Sahel region of Africa.
• Local famine also arises because of pests such as
  locusts, plant diseases, river flooding, and
  destructive weather systemsalso natural
  environmental factors.

18
Southern Africa

• Countries
• Republic of South Africa
• Other Former British Colonies
• Former Portuguese Colonies
• Current Governments
• People
• Ethnicity
• Urbanization
• Population Dynamics

19
Southern Africa (contd)

• Economic Development
• Agricultural Diversity
• Mining Wealth
• Manufacturing Contrasts
• Services
• Outlook