Modern Western Civilization

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Modern Western Civilization

• Lecture 3
• Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

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Theme

• The Scientific revolution and the Enlightenment
  introduced a new, modern way of thinking about
  the world.
• The Enlightenment would later challenge absolute
  governments and introduce democratic ideas.

3
Aristotle and Geocentrism
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St. Thomas Aquinas
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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Tycho Brahe
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Johannes Kepler
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Isaac Newton
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Francis Bacon

• What were Bacons chief objections to relying on
  Aristotle for scientific knowledge?
• According to Bacon, where did knowledge come
  from?
• What were the disadvantages of the old science?
• What social implications were implicit in
  Bacons ideas?

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Rene Descartes
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(No Transcript)
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Enlightenment

• Use of reason
• Natural Laws
• Skepticism toward organized and revealed religion
• Perfect society

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Immanuel Kant
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John Locke
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Baron de Montesquieu
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Voltaire
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Voltaire

• Where was Voltaire from? When did he write?
• What were his chief criticisms of Christianity as
  it was practiced at Europe at that time?
• What ideals did he try to promote?
• In what ways was he typical of an enlightened
  philosophe?

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Voltaire Visits Frederick the Great of Prussia
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Marquis de Condorcet

• What is a Marquis? When did the Marquis de
  Condorcet write this piece?
• According to Condorcet, what was the pivotal
  change that took place in the Ninth Epoch?
• What were the general changes which he thought
  would take place in the tenth epoch?
• How would the tenth epoch change the
  administration of colonies?
• How would science and technology improve the
  world in the tenth epoch?

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Rococo
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Frederick II or The Great
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Catherine the Great
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Maria Theresa Joseph II