Scientific Revolution

1
Scientific Revolution

• Aka The Enlightenment
• Aka Chapter 20

2
New Ideas

• Medieval mystical and church centered
• Renaissance belief in man
• Scientific Revolution belief in facts
• Less church centered, a reliance on observation
  and backed by experiments
• Facts replace feelings which challenges the
  Catholic Church
• Scientific Method is new protocol

3
Science Spreads to Humanity

• Order and systematic laws governed not only
  nature and the universe, but also politics,
  economics and society.
• Natural law, or moral laws, should apply to
  society through reason
• Deism-belief in God but also reason, natural law
• Philosophes exchange views in salons

4
Who is the GREATEST?

• You will research and report on 2
  scientists/philosophers who embraced this
  enlightened way of thinking.
• You will report to the class of their epic
  contributions.
• You will convince us that they are the bomb.
• We will vote on our top 10

5
Scientific Method

• Observation
• Hypothesis
• Experiments to test hypothesis
• Repetition
• Rule or Law

6
Your Own Experiment

• How is the Surface Tension of Water affected by
  Soap.
• Observe with no soap and record results.
• Develop a hypothesis
• Test hypothesis with several trials
• Analyze data draw conclusions
• Develop a reason for your observations.
• This was UNIQUE in 1600!

7
Other ideas Not Covered by Class

• Copernicus-debunked heliocentric theory
• Joseph Priestley-oxygen, carbonation
• Antoine/Marie Lavoisier combustion
• Denis Diderot-compiled Encyclopedie
• Baron de Montesquieu-branches of govt
• Voltaire-I may not agree but defend your right
  to say it
• Mary Wollstonecraft-equal education

8
Age of Enlightenment

• All things could be explained by science
• Put order and clarity to nature, society
• Universe like a machine, God the mechanic who
  built it, then let it run
• The world and its people c/be improved
• Enlightened despots-absolute rulers who like the
  new ideas
• Return to classical principles in art

9
Antonio Canova-Cupid and Psyche Neoclassical
(NY Met)
10
Jean-Antoine Houdon scultps Voltaire as if Ancient
11
Jacques-Louis DavidThe Oath of Horatii
12
Music comes into its own as an art form

• No longer just background to the dance
• Piano and violin perfected as instruments-
  chamber ensemble and full orchestra
• Strive to incorporate classical elements such as
  balance, contrast and refined emotions
• Germany-Bach, Britain-Handel, Austria-Haydn and
  Mozart

13
Critics

• Too much structure and order, too rational no
  emotion
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau- people are naturally good
  but civilization and institutions corrupt us
• Man is born free, but everywhere he is in
  chains- Govt or right to rule is a social
  contract, people forego freedoms for greater
  good
• Immanuel Kant- knowing comes both from physical
  world and spiritual- which cant prove
• Mysticism- Hasidism, Moravian Brethren
• Peronal involvement- Methodist-John Wesley
• Romanticism in art emotion and the individual
  again