Insect Adaptations for Exploiting Plants

1
Insect Adaptations for Exploiting
Plants Morphological Exoskeleton Ovipositor Mouth
parts Legs Internal Organs Biochemical
Ecological / Behavioral
2
Modification of Exoskeleton for Mimicry and
Camouflage
3
Modifications of Ovipositor
with corresponding effects on seasonality,
behavior, and other elements of life history
4
Modifications of Ovipositor Position
5
(No Transcript)
6
Modifications of Mouthparts
7
Modifications of Mouthparts Probing into
Specific Plant Tissues
8
Modifications of Mouthparts Position
9
Modifications of Mouthparts Nectar Feeding
10
Modifications of Face and Head
11
Modifications of Legs
Overcome Morphological Barriers
Bypass Trichomes
12
Modifications of Legs
Gather Pollen
Cling onto Plants Crochets
13
Modifications of Wings
14
Larval Form Endophytic vs Exophytic
feeding can be more revealing than Phylogeny
15
Internal Anatomy
Malpighian Tubules Blood Brain Barrier Filter
Chamber
16
Malpighian Tubules
Compared to an Insect, Plants Have 1. Too much K
Relative to Na Selective Resorption K/N (Chapman
R) Plants Hemolymph Nerve Cord 82
10.5 0.6 (active pump) 2. Too much Cl- 3. Too
little N Selective resorption 4. Variable water
carbohydrates Excretion
17
Blood Brain Barrier Protects Nerve Cells from
Plant Ions
Plants have much higher Cl- content than do
animals But in insects, hemolymph is in direct
contact with nerves Insect Blood Brain Barrier
helps resolve this problem
Highly anionic neural lamella partially Inhibits
entry of Cl- molecules
18
Homopteran Filter Chamber Excretes Excess Fluids