Muhammad and the Growth of Islam

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Muhammad and the Growth of Islam

• Lesson 10-3

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The Prophet Muhammad

• Born in Mecca on the Arabian peninsula
• Raised by relatives after his parents died
  became a trader
• Had a revelation or vision from Allah (God)
  telling him he would be his prophet
• Islam, (submitting to Gods will) a religion
  based on the revelations given to Muhammad grows
• A Muslim, or follower of Islam, believes that the
  Quran is Gods word and Muhammad is his
  messenger.

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The Holy Quran

• Muslims believe the Quran is the direct word of
  Allah revealed to Muhammad
• The Quran is written and read in Arabic and is
  about as long as the Christian New Testament.

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Mecca and Medina

• In 622 Muhammad goes to Medina and sets up the
  first Muslim community.
• Muhammads journey to Medina is called the Hijrah
• 622 is the start of the Muslim calendar
• Mecca is a holy city for Muslims all over the
  world today.

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The Five Pillars of Islam

• Testimony of Faith There is no god but God or
  Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger or prophet.
• Daily Prayer Pray 5x each day in the direction
  of the holy city of Mecca.
• Charity Give money to the poor.
• Fasting No food or drink from dawn until dusk
  during the holy month of Ramadan - the 9th month
  of the Muslim calendar.
• Pilgrimage Travel to the holy city of Mecca at
  least once during ones lifetime.

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Hajj

• Muslims make a spiritual journey called a
  pilgrimage (or hajj) to visit the Kaaba in Mecca.
• According to the Quran, the Kaaba (black cube)
  was made by Abraham.

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Death of the Prophet

• Muhammad died in 632 and rose into heaven from a
  holy rock where Jews believe Abraham prepared the
  sacrifice of his son, Isaac in Jerusalem. On
  this site Muslims built a mosque called the Dome
  of the Rock.

DOME OF THE ROCK, Jerusalem
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Spread of Islam
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The Muslim World

• Major groups of Muslims Sunnis and Shiites
• Most Muslims are Sunnis (85)
• Shiites are the majority in Iraq and Iran

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Sunnis vs. Shiites

• Sunnis (85)
• The caliph (Muslim leader) may be elected from
  the Muslim community.
• Shiites (Shia) (15)
• The caliph (Muslim leader) must be a descendant
  of the family of Muhammad
• This basic belief has caused many disagreements
  between the Sunnis and Shiites for many years.

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A Muslim Mosque

• Muslims had a strong interest in art.
• A mosque, or Muslim house of worship is
  considered a work of art.
• They are often decorated with geometric designs
  and verses from the Quran.

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Muslim Architecture
The towers of a mosque are where the call to
prayer is heard each day.
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Jerusalem A Holy City

• Muslims visit the Dome of the Rock (Site of
  Muhammads journey to heaven and sacrifice of
  Isaac.
• Christians visit the Church of the Holy
  Sepulchre, built on the site where Jesus was
  crucified and buried.
• Today, Jerusalem is the capital of the nation of
  Israel.

• Jews, Christians, and Muslims consider Jerusalem
  a holy city.
• Abrahamic Tradtion
• All three groups trace their monotheistic
  heritage to Abraham.
• Jews pray at the Western Wall the last
  remaining wall of the ancient Jewish temple.

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The Ottoman Empire

• In 1453 Muslim Turks, the Ottomans, captured
  Constantinople ending the Byzantine Empire.
• The Ottomans then conquered much of the territory
  held by the Byzantines.

• The rule of the Ottoman Empire united much of the
  Muslim world under one ruler.