101 Islam

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10-1 Islam
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Islam is the fastest growing religion and the
second largest religion in the world Muslims in
Asia (1996) 1,022,692,000 (30) Muslims in
Africa (1996) 426,282,000 (59) Total Number
Muslims on the Earth (1996) 1,482,596,925 Total
Number People on the Earth (1996)
5,771,939,007 Percentage of Muslims
(1996) 26 Islam annual growth rate (1994-1995)
from U.N. 6.40 Christianity growth rate
(1994-1995) from U.N. 1.46 Total Number
Muslims on the Earth (1998) 1,678,442,000 Expect
ed Number Muslims on the Earth (2000) 1,902,095,00
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Among every four humans in the world, one of them
is Muslim. Muslims have increased by over 235
percent in the last fifty years up to nearly 1.6
billion. By comparison, Christians have
increased by only 47 percent, Hinduism, 117
percent, and Buddhism by 63 percent. Islam is
the second largest religious group in France,
Great Britain and USA.
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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Legal ethical reasons to protect environment
• Preserve its values as a sign of the Creator
• Components offer continuous praise of Creator
• Absolute continuity of Creator (sunnah)
• Beings worthy of protection kind treatment
  (hurmah)

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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Legal ethical reasons to protect environment
• Preserve its values as a sign of the Creator
• Components continuous praise of Creator
• Absolute continuity of Creator (sunnah)
• Beings worthy of protection kind treatment
  (hurmah)

• Human relationships are established on justice
  kindness
• Universe created by God must be preserved
• Not for this generation alone all ages
• Duty of humans to protect environment, no other
  creature can

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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Comprehensive Nature of Ethics
• Two principles
• Natural instinct
• Imprinted by God
• Between good evil
• Neutral neither good or bad
• Messengers from God
• Complexities
• Cannot define correct
• Not in vacuum
• Inspired by God
• Conscience approves
• Accepts
• Valued guidance
• Desire what God loves wants

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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Comprehensive Nature of Ethics
• Two principles
• Natural instinct
• Imprinted by God
• Between good evil
• Neutral neither good or bad
• Messengers from God
• Complexities
• Cannot define correct
• Not in vacuum
• Inspired by God
• Conscience approves
• Accepts
• Valued guidance
• Desire what God loves wants

• Virtue part of the whole
• Way of life
• Serves to guide control
• Truthfulness
• Protecting
• Conserving
• Sustaining
• Political, Social, Economic
• Not on human reason
• Not on societys mandate
• Not on economic groups
• These are based on circumstances
• Ethics unalterable as time and space

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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Human-Environment
• Enjoy, use, benefit
• Preserve, protect, promote
• All creatures are Gods dependents
• Responsible for
• Trees
• Animals
• All natural elements
• Muhammad prayer for rain
• For trees in drought
• For animals dying for lack of water
• Humans not punished
• Because of elderly, babies, animals

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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Human-Environment
• Enjoy, use, benefit
• Preserve, protect, promote
• All creatures are Gods dependents
• Responsible for
• Trees
• Animals
• All natural elements
• Muhammad prayer for rain
• For trees in drought
• For animals dying for lack of water
• Humans not punished
• Because of elderly, babies, animals

• Earth place of peace rest
• Humans made of earth (dust) water
• Brought forth from earth
• Earth often named, so important
• Subservient to humans
• Receptacle of living dead
• Source of purity
• Place of worship
• Source of blessing
• To be cared for by humanity

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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Sustainable Care of Nature
• Utilization
• Not unnecessary destruction
• Not to squander
• Continued use in a sustainable way
• Muhammad
• Act in your life as though you are living
  forever and act for the Hereafter as if you are
  dying tomorrow.
• When doomsday comes if someone has a palm shoot
  in his hand he should plant it.

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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Sustainable Care of Nature
• Utilization
• Not unnecessary destruction
• Not to squander
• Continued use in a sustainable way
• Muhammad
• Act in your life as though you are living
  forever and act for the Hereafter as if you are
  dying tomorrow.
• When doomsday comes if someone has a palm shoot
  in his hand he should plant it.

• Life is maintained with due balance in
  everything.
• Every part of Gods creation was carefully made
  to fit into the general system.
• Not only for the current generation
• Umar ibn al-Khattab Khuzaymah ibn Thubit
• Neglected land
• Old man close to death
• Planted land together
• 5 times a day, prayer starts
• Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.
• Submit to Creator of all
• World sign of the Creator

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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Practice of Environmental Ethics
• Muslim Communities
• Protection of certain zones/special use areas
  (hima)
• Maintain some land in unused state
• Limited to avoid inconvenience
• Not built on or cultivated
• For the welfare of the people

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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Practice of Environmental Ethics
• Muslim Communities
• Protection of certain zones/special use areas
  (hima)
• Maintain some land in unused state
• Limited to avoid inconvenience
• Not built on or cultivated
• For the welfare of the people

• Hima
• Grazing area for the livestock of the poor
• To protect wildlife
• Harim
• Inviolable zones
• Wells
• Natural springs
• Underground water channels
• Rivers
• Trees planted on barren land

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Islam the EnvironmentIslamic Environmental
Ethics, Law, and Society by Mawil Y. Izzi Dean

• Environmental Aspects of Development
• First Arab Ministerial Conference
• Justice, mercy, cooperation
• Islamic faith and its values
• Amir of Kuwait
• To UN 1988
• Conserve natural human resources
• Combat pollution
• Support sustainable development

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• Architecture
• One of the greatest examples of Islamic
  architecture is located in India and is called
  the Taj Mahal.
• Buildings
• Pillars are the trucks of trees
• Arches are the branches
• Ceilings are the sky with stars
• Fountains narrow canals are the rivers
• Art
• Paradise is watered by running streams
• a fertile oasis
• wild flowers at our feet
• Stylized garden with flowers is the carpet

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In-Class

• 1. Name two ways to address the issues of Java
  named in the case study last Thursday.
• 2.What percent of the world population is Muslim?
• 3. What does the term secular Christianity mean
  to you?
• 4. Name two ways Christianity has had a negative
  impact on the environment.
• 5. What does stewardship mean to you?

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Christianity, and the Environment

• Christian impact on environment
• Secular Christianity
• Nature alone
• Spirits gods in nature denied
• Unfettered use
• Dominion
• For humankind alone
• For a few, not all
• For now, not eternity

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Christianity, and the Environment

• Christian impact on environment
• Secular Christianity
• Nature alone
• Spirits gods in nature denied
• Unfettered use
• Dominion
• For humankind alone
• For a few, not all
• For now, not eternity

• Old and New Testament defines value of Creation
• Psalm 9611-13
• Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth
  rejoice let the sea roar, and all that fills it
  let the field exult, and everything in it! Then
  shall all the trees of the woods sing for joy
  before the Lord, for he comes to judge the earth.
  He will judge the world with righteousness, and
  peoples with the truth.

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Christianity, and the Environment

• Nature is
• Not dead
• Not lifeless
• Not beyond the action of God
• Dominance over nature with
• Responsibility
• Protection and care

• No separation of body spirit
• That is Greek thought
• Nature is dependent on human action

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Romans 819-23

• (19) For the creation waits with eager longing
  for the revealing of the children of God (20)
  for the creation was subjected to futility, not
  of its own will but by the will of the one who
  subjected it, in hope (21) that the creation
  itself will be set free from its bondage to decay
  and will obtain the freedom of the glory of the
  children of God. (22) We know that the whole
  creation has been groaning in labor pains until
  now (23) and not only the creation, but we
  ourselves, who have the first fruits of the
  Spirit, groan inwardly while we wait for
  adoption, the redemption of our bodies.

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Environmental Ethics Some Challenges for
Christians Holmes Rolston III

• Environmental ethics PRIMARY
• Direct concern
• Animals
• Plants
• Species
• Ecosystems
• Planet as a whole

• Spirit of God
• Beauty
• Perpetual renewal of life in death
• Uniqueness
• Wondrous creation

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Environmental Ethics Some Challenges for
Christians Holmes Rolston III

• Humans help or hurt
• Love your neighbor
• Do to others as you would have done to you
• Cant disregard life-support systems
• Human welfare
• Instrument to human need

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Fourth commandment Exodus 208-11

• (8) Remember the sabbath day, and keep it holy.
  (9) Six days you shall labor and do all your
  work. (10) But the seventh day is a sabbath to
  the LORD your God you shall not do any
  work--you, your son or your daughter, your male
  or female slave, your livestock, or the alien
  resident in your towns. (11) For in six days the
  LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that
  is in them, but rested the seventh day therefore
  the LORD blessed the sabbath day and consecrated
  it.

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Environmental Ethics Some Challenges for
Christians Holmes Rolston III

• Animals
• Individual animals
• Starfish on the beach
• Beached whale
• Injured eagle
• Humane action?
• Determinative?
• Pinkeye bighorn sheep, Yellowstone
• 300 perished
• 60

• Could have treated
• Ethicists said, No!
• Natural
• Disease run course
• Treatment weakens species
• Natural selection
• More fit animals remain

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Environmental Ethics Some Challenges for
Christians Holmes Rolston III

• What is.
• In nature?
• In culture?
• Suffering
• Bison, deer
• Human
• Doing unto others as you would have them do to
  you..

• Imperatives?
• Animals?
• Interrupts the ecosystem?
• Swaziland
• Cattle diseases
• Anthrax, Brucellosis, Blackleg
• Vaccinations
• Herd size grew
• Land overgrazed
• Erosion destroys land

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Environmental Ethics Some Challenges for
Christians Holmes Rolston III

• Plants, trees
• They count
• Fuel
• Timber
• Watershed
• Shade
• Scenery
• Pacific Northwest
• Cathedral old-growth trees
• Environmentalists
• Prevent cuts spiking
• Civil disobedience

• Society of American Foresters
• Define a land ethic
• Christian?
• Moral objects trees?
• Stewardship of the land
• Forests invite transcending the human world
• Way into the universe
• Sanctuary for religious experience

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Environmental Ethics Some Challenges for
Christians Holmes Rolston III

• Species
• Endangered species
• Congress
• Religious value?
• Biodiversity
• Habitat
• Breeding populations
• Respect for life
• Extinction
• Moral, Philosophical, Religious

• First humanistic
• Second reverence for non-human life
• Endangered Species Project Noahs Ark
• Continue each species
• Despite human action

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Environmental Ethics Some Challenges for
Christians Holmes Rolston III

• San Clemente Island
• US Fish Wildlife Service
• Shot thousands of goats
• To save endangered plants
• Plants count more than animals?
• God saved the species?
• In their wild environment?

• Genesis
• Divine imperatives
• Let there be
• Light, dry land,
• Vegetation
• Living things according to their kind
• Swarms of living creatures
• Biodiversity?
• The earth produces itself
• Spontaneously
• Very Good

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Environmental Ethics Some Challenges for
Christians Holmes Rolston III

• Keep them alive with you... Genesis 619b
• Not just the valuable
• Not just the clean
• Preservation of the species, more than
• Medical,
• Agricultural
• Industrial
• For human use

• Fertility is sacred
• Dryness in a plant is essential to its being
  able to flower. Ann Haymond Zwinger said, in The
  Mysterious Lands Dryness promotes the formation
  of flower buds flowering is, after all, not an
  aesthetic contribution, but a survival mechanism.