James P. Malley, Jr., Ph.D.

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UV Monitoring and Operationand UV Cost Estimates

• James P. Malley, Jr., Ph.D.
• Professor of Civil/Environmental Engineering
• Founding and Past President International
  Ultraviolet Association
• University of New Hampshire (UNH)
• Environmental Research Group (ERG)
• Room 344 Gregg Hall, 35 Colovos Road
• Durham, NH 03824-3591(603) 862-1449
• E-Mail jim.malley_at_unh.edu
• VISIT www.iuva.org

UNH
Electrotechnologies Research Program
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Acknowledgements

• Joyce, Brian (19) and Shannon (15) Malley
• UNH UV Research Assistants Jen Wagler, Jim
  Ropp, Jeff Shaw, Evan Griffiths Greg Snicer,
  Annette Doucette, Bryan Townsend, Laurel
  Passantino, Craig Douglas, Steven Farabaugh,
  David Gaithuma, Nicola Ballester and James
  Collins
• Main Sponsors AWWARF, WERF, EPRI, USEPA, NHDES
• Collaborating Utilities
• (74 water plants in 9 nations over 12 Years)
• Thanks to WQA for the invitation to present

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How Do I Know If My UV System is Working ?

• Validated UV Equipment Must be Installed
• Daily/Continuously a UV Plant Will Monitor
• Calibrated and Checked UV Sensor Readings
• UV254 Absorbance (Method 5910) or a UV Scan
  of the water entering the UV system
• Lamp Out Indicators
• UV Reactor Flow Monitors or Split Flows
• Temperatures of Critical Electronic Components
• Lamp and Sensor Operating Hours
• Microbial Monitoring Possible in Some Systems

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Other Critical OM Guidance ?

• Calibrate sensors per UVGM recommendations.
• Clean sleeves and sensor windows on a regular
  basis perhaps at a set UV sensor reading such as
  85 of the full scale reading or as a minimum,
  clean them when the sensors are recalibrated.
• Change lamps, sleeves and sensors as specified.
• Train staff on the proper care, handling, lock
  out, etc. of UV system components to prevent
  worker injuries or inadvertent lamp breakage and
  elemental mercury releases.

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In Running UV Plants Day to Day

• Need to Control Hydraulics and UV Dose
• Surges
• Turn-down (Average Flow/Minimum Flow)
• Flow Pacing the Dose
• Water Hammer
• In Open Channels Need to Worry About Water
  Surface Elevation Relative to Top UV Lamps
• Need to Worry About Power Failures/Surges
• Big Plants 900 to 9,000 gallons per second Pass
  UV

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Understand Power Quality Effects on UV (Courtesy
of Christine Cotton Malcolm Pirnie, Inc.)

• Power quality problems cause off-specification
• Power interruptions

• Voltage Sags/Brownout
• /- 10 to 15
• 2 to 5 cycles

• Power conditioning equipment or UPS may be needed

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Time It Takes to Restart UV Lamps? (Courtesy of
Christine Cotton Malcolm Pirnie, Inc.)
60 power intensity after 3 minutes
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Low Power Quality- Poor UV Performance (Courtesy
of Christine Cotton Malcolm Pirnie, Inc.)

• Power quality assessment needed
• Power conditioning equipment may be necessary
• Uninterruptible power supply
• Line Conditioners
• Other available Power equipment
• Increase space
• Increase cost

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How Much Does UV Cost ?

• Input from manufacturers, consultants and water
  utilities
• Capital Costs
• equipment, engineering, indirect costs and
  contingencies
• 0.07 per gallon of installed capacity
• Ex 0.1 MGD Plant Capital Cost (2001) -
  7,000UV Equipment Installed without Major
  Engineering Changes
• Operation and Maintenance Costs
• power, parts, labor and overhead (administrative)
• 0.03 per thousand gallons produced
• USEPA Study Malcolm Pirnie (Christine Cotton)
•  

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UVT Affects Reactor Capacity and Power Costs
(Courtesy of Christine Cotton Malcolm Pirnie,
Inc.)
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Capital Cost Estimates
(Courtesy of Christine Cotton Malcolm Pirnie,
Inc.)
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Comparison with Full-Scale Facilities
(Courtesy of Christine Cotton Malcolm Pirnie,
Inc.)
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OM Cost Include
(Courtesy of Christine Cotton Malcolm Pirnie,
Inc.)

• Power consumption estimate
• lamp power _at_ ave flow
• Labor costs

• Replacement Parts
• LP LP-HO Every 12 months
• MP Every 6 months
• Sleeves 8 years
• Sensors 5 years
• Ballast 10 years
• UVT monitor 10 years

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O M Cost Estimates
(Courtesy of Christine Cotton Malcolm Pirnie,
Inc.)
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Total Cost Estimates
(Courtesy of Christine Cotton Malcolm Pirnie,
Inc.)
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Example of UV System Procurementfor the 15 MGD
Henderson, NV Plant
(Courtesy of Paul Swaim CH2M Hill, Inc.)
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Evaluated Bid Results 15 MGD Henderson, NV
Example
(Courtesy of Paul Swaim CH2M Hill, Inc.)
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A Caution About UV Costs ?

• Cost Curves are a function of the assumptions
  made
• Costs for Small Systems are Always So Site
  Specific
• Safety Factors Have to Be Applied With Care to
  Avoid Costly and Unnecessary Over Design
• The Cost of the Retrofit Could Easily Be More
  Than The Cost of the Whole UV Plant (Ex
  Replumbing a Pump House)
• Small Systems Should Consider Providing Back-up
  Power and UPS for UV Systems
• Costs of POU/POE UV Systems are very site
  specific, depend a lot on the installer and are
  not included here