Ghettos

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Ghettos

• The Holocaust

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Ghettos in History

• From the Word Geti meaning Foundry
• Jewish Ghetto in Rome/Venice
• Established by Pope Paul IV in 1555
• Jews forced to live in the Ghetto and wear
  distinctive Yellow Hat

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Forced to Relocate

• Jews were forced to Locate to pre established
  Ghettos in larger cities.
• Most Jews lived in rural communities called
  Shtetls

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Segregating Jews from Non Jews

• German and Polish police were used to ensure only
  Jews were allowed into the Ghettos

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Sealing the Ghetto

• Jews were put to work sealing their own ghetto.
• Not all Ghettos were sealed

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Forced Labor

• Most able bodied Jews were forced to work, many
  outside of the camp in support of the war effort
• Some work was purely to exhaust Jews

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Struggle to Survive

• Children were often on their
• Many resorted to pan handling and street peddling
• Others participated in resistance activities
• Some were runners outside the Ghetto

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Ghetto Diet

• No sanitation
• Restricted to 800 calorie a day diet
• Inequalities quickly pronounced in ghettos
• Disease and hunger killed over 75,000 in Warsaw
  alone

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Children Dying of Starvation in the Warsaw Ghetto
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Victor Frankl's Man's Search for Meaning

• During the latter part of our imprisonment, the
  daily ration consisted of very watery soup given
  out once daily, and the usual small bread ration.
  In addition to that, there was the so-called
  "extra allowance," consisting of three-fourths of
  an ounce of margarine, or a slice of poor quality
  sausage, or of a little piece of cheese, or a bit
  of synthetic honey, or a spoonful of watery jam,
  varying daily. In calories, this diet was
  absolutely inadequate, especially taking into
  consideration our heavy manual work and our
  constant exposure to the cold in inadequate
  clothing. The sick who were "under special
  care"--that is, those who were allowed to lie in
  the huts instead of leaving the camp for
  work--were worse off. When the last layers of
  subcutaneous fat had vanished and we looked like
  skeletons disguised with skin and rags, we could
  watch our bodies beginning to devour themselves.
  The organism digested its own protein, and the
  muscles disappeared. Then the body had no powers
  of resistance left....

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Resistance

• Active v. Passive Resistance
• Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (1943)
• Survival as Resistance
• Self help groups
• Maintaining Religion and Culture

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Jewish Newspapers In Lodz

• A ghetto newspaper published in Yiddish in the
  Lódz ghetto from March 4, 1941 to September 21,
  1941

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Liquidation to Death Camps

• Ghettos were slowly liquidated until all 6 camps
  were complete
• Final liquidation happens in 1943
• Some Ghettos remain in operation throughout 1944

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What tactics did the Nazis use to get the Jews to
leave the Ghettos?
Deception
New arrivals at the Death camps were given
postcards to send to their friends.
Starvation
The Jews were told that they were going to
resettlement areas in the East.
The Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto were only fed a
1000 calories a day .
Tactics
In some Ghettos the Jews had to purchase their
own train tickets.
A Human being needs 2400 calories a day to
maintain their weight
Terror
They were told to bring the tools of their trade
and pots and pans.
The SS publicly shot people for smuggling food or
for any act of resistance
Hungry people are easier to control
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The End

• Evil is when a few good men decide to do nothing.

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