Photograms Photograms Photograms Photograms

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Photograms
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To make a photogram

• You turn out the lights in the darkroom
• or a classroom that has been darkened with black
  out plastic on the windows
• Place an object on a sheet of photosensitized
  paper, then turn on the lights again--for a
  moment.
• Process the photograph through the chemical tray
  steps.

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Chemical Processing

• Develop the photo paper for one minute in
• the developer tray agitating gently the entire
  time.
• Stop the development of the photo paper by
  placing the paper in the stop bath tray for 15-30
  seconds agitating gently the entire time.
• Fix the photo paper for 3 - 5 minutes in the
  Fixer tray agitating gently the entire time.
• Rinse the print in water for 1 2 minutes in
  running water.

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You can turn the lights back on
Voila a negative image.

• The unexposed area (that is, the area that was
  under the object) will be white
• While the exposed areas will come in black.

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But you're not limited to blacks and whites.

• Any numbers of gray tones between (and including)
  black and white are possible by shortening
  exposure times or picking semi-opaque objects as
  your photogram subjects.
• Tissue paper, pieces of loosely woven cloth, or
  wax paper can produce full-tone abstractions if
  you layer and expose your subjects properly.

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Speaking of subjects

• Choosing them is the most intriguing part of
  photo rams.
• A trip to the five-and-ten, hobby store, or
  hardware shop can be an adventure.
• You'll want objects with crisp, easy-to-identify
  shapes.
• Leaves, feathers, shells, lace, ferns, or loosely
  woven fabrics typically make good photograms.

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Tips

• When photogramming nonfat objects like leaves or
  lace, flatten them against the enlarging paper
  with glass.
• This assures a crisp outline for your photogram
  subject, and it keeps lightweight objects like
  feathers from shifting during exposure.

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Nature-gram

• Leaves make good photogram subjects.
• Only problem?
• When you use glass to flatten them against
  enlarging paper, leaves can
• cause green stains.
• Solution?
• Cover the paper with a protective layer of
  plastic wrap.

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Review

• Gather interesting objects that are not only
  opaque, but some with varying transparency
  properties or textures.
• Consider the placement of your objects to create
  an interesting positive and negative composition.

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Chemical Processing Steps

• Developer 1 minute
• Stop Bath 30 seconds
• Fix 3 5 minutes depending on the number of
  prints being processed
• Water Rinse 2 -5 minutes depending on the
  number of prints being processed
• Hang to dry or lay on screens

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• Thanks to Popular Photography
• 10/94 for this material

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The Artist Man Ray

• Man Ray created not only paintings and other art
  forms, but also experimented with the photograms
  as an art form. He called them Rayographs or they
  are sometimes referred to as Rayography. He was
  also a noted portrait photographer during his
  time period capturing the likes of Picasso and
  other famous artists of his day on film.

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• Consider the following when collecting your
  objects for your photograms
• How large is the object?
• Is the object translucent or opaque?
• Are the shapes of the objects interesting?
• Is there any object that has texture?
• How will you place the objects to create an
  interesting flow of visual information?
• Think about the positive and negative spaces in
  the design.