Mujeres Mapuches

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Mujeres Mapuches
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Grupo familiar Mapuche-siglo 19Abuela, hijas,
nietos
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La Lucha de las mujeres Mapuches

• Vinculan su lucha como mujer a la lucha del
  pueblo Mapuche
• 
  

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Idioma Mapuche

• MapucheEl pueblo de la tierra
• Mapu tierra
• Che pueblo
• Mapu-dugunel idioma de la tierra
• Araucanosnombre dado por los
• Espanoles
• Huincasnombre dado a los Espanoles
• a los no Mapuches

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Cuatro Regiones de Tierra Mapuche

• 1. Puelmapu tierra del este
• 2. Pikunmapu tierra del norte
• 3. Lafquenmapu- tierra de la Costa
• Pacifica- oeste
• 4.Huillimapu------tierra del sur

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Conocido por relation con eco-sistema o ambiente
natural

• 1. Pehuenche-- pueblo del arbol
• (monkey puzzle
  tree)
• 2. Waidefche-- pueblo de la cordillera
• 3. Ranquilche-- pueblo de la zona del
• arbol de manzana

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Historia de los Mapuches

• 1. Origenes
• 2. Lucha pre-hispanica -contra los Incas
• 3. Lucha anti-colonial-contra losEspanoles
• 4. Tiempos Modernos lucha contra los
• estado Chileno y estado argentino
• 5. Avances con Allende
• 6. Sufrimientos con Pinochet
• 7. Democracia y derechos de los Mapuches

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Historia de la Nacion Mapuche

• 1. Origendebate
• Desde 1200segun algunos expertos
• 2. Periodo Pre-Hispanico
• Conflicto con las Incas del Peru
• Nunca derrotado por los Inca
• Incas conquistaron tierra hasta el Rio
  Maule
• al sur de la ciudad de Talca

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Fuerte identidad nacional

• Deseo de autodeterminacion
• sentido de unidad
• Identidad cultural fuerte
• Propia organizacion social
• religion
• idoma
• estilo de vida

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Traditional Dress

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Traditional silver adornments
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Machi medicine woman

• In the Mapuche tradition, Machi is the Healer -
  Medicine Women - Curandera.   Machi guides
  spiritual ceremonies and rituals, and like a
  Medicine Women, she uses a variety of different
  herbs for healing purposes.   She is also a
  midwife.  Machi uses, during times of ceremonies,
  protective amulets and symbols, entwining
  themselves in their mystery with the earth and
  Gods.   By wearing protectives amulets they feel
  protected against the spells and incantations of
  evil spirits.
•    Some of the Ceremonies Machi's Guide
•       Machitun Healing the sick      Magical
  ritual of initiation of the Machi      Blessings
  for good harvest      Guillatun

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Machi Margarita
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Rehue

• Re genuine, exclusiveHue place where something
  happened
• Rehue Is the Sacred Tree., an Altar.  It is the
  path that links the Machi with their GOD(CHAU)
  and their Ancestor's spirits.In the Nquillatun
  Ceremony all the offerings, food and beverages,
  are placed under the Rehue.   Machi climbs to
  the top of the Rehue, the place that is the
  closest to the spirits, far away from the people
  and the earth.   And from this place she starts
  her comunication with GOD(CHAU). Machi receives
  guidance and visions in answer to her petition.
   She then shares this quidance with her
  community.Rehue is also a place of hierarchy
  and is built in front of Machi's house "Ruca",
  so everybody knows her hierarchy.   This Sacred
  figure from the Araucanos-Mapuche people,
  represents their spiritual and religious beliefs
  and is their Key to communicate with
  GOD(CHAU).From the conqueror's time until now,
   Rehue continue with the challenge of the time
  passing by, the evolution of things and it is an
  eternal symbol of enduring of the
  Araucanos-Mapuche people culture.

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Rehue
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3. Llegado de los Espanoles

• 1541 Pedro de Valdivia llega a Santiago
• Mapuches 1 ½ -2 Milliones
• amistosos con los Espanoles
• Espanolesinvaden la tierra Mapuche
• La Guerra de Arauco
• Resistenciapor 350 anos
• Primer conflicto militarSetiembre-1541
• 
  Michimalongo

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Toqui Lautaro, the Mapuche warrior leader who
defeated the Spaniards in the battle of Mariquenu
in 1554.
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Valdivia invade tierra Mapuche-1550

• Sitios militares-Tucapel Puren, Angol, Imperial,
• Villarrica, Valdivia,
  Osorno
• 1554Valdivia ejecutado por Mapuches
• Espanoles expulsados del sur chileno
• OrgulloMapuches nunca derrotados por Espana
• Espanoles conquistaron tierra solo hasta
• el Rio Bio-Bio
• al norte de la ciudad de Concepcion

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4. Tiempos modernos

• Lucha con los chilenos
• independenciade Espana1810
• Chile y Argentina piensan que son duenos
• de la tierra Mapuche
• Lucha sobre soberania y derechos continua hasta
  hoy
• Comunidades Mapuches provincias de Arauco,
  Bio-Bio, Malleco, Cautin, Valdivia Osorno,
  Llanquihue and Chiloe

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Demografia

• En 1920---reducidos a 3000 pequenas
• comunidades
• Forzados en pobrezacomo campesinos
• agricultura en pequena escala

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Trabajo campesinoMujer mapuche-campesina
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Tamano de la Poblacion Mapuche

• 4-10 de la poblacion
• Mapuche rural---mayoria viven en las tierras
  familiares y/o comunitarias

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Mapuche woman and cart near Temuco
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Lonko Esteban from Nahuel Huapi Longko
Chieftain
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Group of Mapuche weavers
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Mapuche loom
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Mapuche weaver
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Mapuches urbanos

• 60--residen en el sector urbano
• 44.1 viven en Santiago (1992 census)

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5. Gobierno de Allende

• Benefited by Agrarian Reform
• ButMapuches treated as campesinos,
• Not indigenous people
• 1972landmark law
• first time recognized legallyindep.
• of their land

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Pinochet period

• Victimized during dictatorship
• repression
• landseen as legal destruction of
• people
• Mobilized against the dictatorship

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Democracy returns

• 1989Nueva Imperial Agreement
• ConcertacionP. Aylwin
• Contents
• protect and expand land

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Social Movements

• Ralco Dam opposition
• ENDESA ---investment
• Required relocation of 91 Phuenche families
• CONADIco--government
• must agree to changes
• government replaces leaders
• Women activists lead movement

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Gender issues

• Conflict with SERNAM
• SERNAMs view-
• extension of equality
• diversity
• not indigenous rights
• Mapuche women
• how to form a coalition

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• Gender issues
• 1. political participation
• 2. domestic violence
• Cultrual issues
• complementarity
• Indigenous identity issues
• indigenous rights

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Forestry social movement

• Rights violated under multiple governments

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Identity and political coalitions

• National viewChilean nation
• Diversity
• Folklore
• Additiveexpansion of equality
• class, gender, ethnicity
• Rightsas indigenous people

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Bolivia
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Febrero 2005 Ocupacion de Tierras por los Mapuches
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