Identifying and Controlling Hazards

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Municipal Health Safety AssociationMike
Robinson, BESAssociate Trainer
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
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MHSA Products and Services

• Training
• Consulting
• Assessments (Audits)
• Technical services
• Training Simulators
• Virtual Driver
• Virtual Fire Suppression
• Videos
• Publications
• www.mhsao.com

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• Learning Objectives
• Explore the elements of an effective hazard
  recognition and control program.
• Become familiar with the steps in the hazard
  recognition and control process.

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What is a "hazard?"
practice
condition
An unsafe _________________ or _________________
that may or may not cause damage to property,
equipment, materials or the environment OR an
___________ or _______________ to an employee.
injury
illness
How can a person be an injury waiting to happen?
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What (hazards) you see are merely the symptoms
The direct observable effects of a underlying
cause

• Surface symptoms
• Are the unique conditions or individual behaviors
  related to a person(s), thing, or environment.
• May exist or be performed by anyone, anytime,
  anywhere
• May directly cause or contribute to an incident
• May be important clues revealing root causes

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Types of Hazards in the Workplace
1. Falls 2. Impact 3. Mechanical 4.
Vibration/Noise 5. Toxics 6.
Heat/Temperature 7. Flammability/Fire
8. Explosives 9. Pressure 10. Electrical
contact 11. Ergonomics 12. Biohazards 13.
Violence 14. Internal Responsibility System
Failure
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• What is Exposure?
• How close are you to the "danger zone"?
• Physical exposure - generally arms length
• Environmental exposure - could be everyone in
  facility.

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What is reasonable exposure?Steps in evaluating
a Hazard

• Where is the hazard ?
• How can it harm us?
• What employees are exposed?
• What level of exposure ?
• What equipment / PPE is used?
• What controls are in place?
• What procedures are in place?
• What is our level of compliance?
• What does the legislation say?
• What do the experts say ?
• What do other municipalities do?
• What is the risk?
• Is the risk acceptable?

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Where do injuries come from? Unpreventable acts
and conditions. Only ________ of all workplace
incidents are thought to be unpreventable.
System failure. Safety management system
failures account for at least _________ of all
workplace accidents. What is a management system
?
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95
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Management System

• Identify need
• Assess need
• Develop program
• Establish measurement method
• Implement program
• Validate
• Evaluate
• Improve program

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Hazard Exposure
Which one of those exposures will end up as a
serious injury?
1
Critical
10
Non- Critical
30
Property Damage
600
Near Miss
Unsafe Acts and Conditions ?
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Incident Analysis

• All incidents, no matter how minor should be
  analyzed to identify and control hazards.
• Near Miss analysis allows you to identify and
  control hazards before they cause an injury.
• Incident analysis is an effective tool for
  uncovering hazards that either were missed
  earlier or have managed to slip out of the
  controls planned for them.

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What is risk ?

• How does your perception about the severity of a
  hazard change with daily exposure to that
  hazard?
• Can other factors effect an persons

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Risk Risk Assessment
Risk the likelihood and magnitude of an adverse
event. It is the chance of loss. Risk
Assessment the process of asking how risky
something is. Collecting and analyzing data to
characterize and classify risk based on
probability.
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You Do the Math
Risk Probability x Frequency x Consequences -
or - How Likely x How Often x How Bad
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3 Maxims of Risk
1. All hazards and all risk can never be
completely eliminated. 2. Risks from hazards can
be reduced. 3. The best safety systems provide
overall risk reduction rather than complete
elimination of a few selected risks.
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What procedures do we use to identify and correct
hazardous acts conditions?
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How to Recognize Hazards

• Workplace Inspections
• Formal or informal
• Inspectors must be trained
• Problems or concerns reported by workers or
  supervisors?
• Job Hazard Analysis
• Incident investigations
• Workplace audits
• Job/task observation

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How to Recognize a Health Hazard II

• Epidemiology/Statistics
• Accident / incident reports
• Studies from similar industries
• Sick-leave Patterns
• Treatment Record
• Near misses
• Unsafe behaviors
• Reported concerns
• Maintenance records

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How to Recognize a Health Hazard III

• Using Specialized Consultants in
• Ergonomics
• Hygiene
• Infection control
• Occupational health
• Safety.

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How to Recognize a Health Hazard IV

• Has it been identified in law as hazardous?
• Referenced in regulation
• 11 designated substances under DSR
• Chemical and biological agents under Ontario Reg.
  833
• Chemical agents under WHMIS- MSDS- Inventories
• Section 21 guidelines
• ASHRAE, CSA other standards

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Job Hazard Analysis

• A Job Hazard Analysis is a technique used to
  identify and evaluate health and safety hazards
  associated with particular jobs or tasks.

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Why is it important to involve the employee in
the JHA process?
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Job Hazard Analysis

• Each job classification incorporates a number of
  tasks
• Some tasks are more critical than others
• Each task has a number of steps that have to
  performed
• Some steps are more critical than others
• Start with the most critical task

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• The Job Hazard Analysis
• The process...
• Break a job or task into specific steps.
• Analyze each step for specific hazardous
  conditions and unsafe practices.
• Develop preventive measures in each step to
  eliminate or reduce the hazards.
• Integrate preventive measures into training and
  standard operating procedures (SOPs).
• Validate
• Evaluate

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Who's involved in the inspection process? What is
a major weakness inherent in the inspection
process? How can we overcome this weakness?
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Inspections tend to focus on unsafe conditions
not behaviors

• BEHAVIORS ARE OBSERVABLE
• CRITICAL(SAFE) BEHAVIOURS NEED TO IDENTIFIED
• SAFE BEHAVIORS NEED TO BE SUPPORTED
• UNSAFE BEHAVIORS NEED TO BE CORRECTED
• SUPERVISORS ROLE IS CRITICAL
• CO- WORKERS HAVE THE MOST INFLUENCE ON BEHAVIORS
• Behaviour ? Attitude ? Culture.

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Observation

• Observations, informal and formal, are quite
  important in daily workplace safety.
• Informal
• Employees, supervisors and managers can spot
  hazardous conditions and unsafe or inappropriate
  behaviors while they conduct their other tasks.

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Observation
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• Formal observation programs can be successful
  tools for gathering and analyzing data so that
  safety can be improved.

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Observation
3
What group is well-suited to conduct formal
observation?
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Formal Observations

• Identify critical tasks to be observed
• Establish a time table for direct observation
• Inform the workers of process/purpose and time
• Observe Evaluate all the critical steps
• Dont distract, coach or interfere in any way
• Review observations with worker- commend/correct
  (non disciplinary)
• Get worker feedback
• Record observations/discussions
• Act on findings