Identifying and Controlling Hazards

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Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Welcome!
1005
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• Workshop goals
• Explore the elements of an effective hazard
  identification and control program.
• Discuss the steps in the hazard identification
  and control process.
• Complete the hazard identification and control
  worksheet.

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Form Teams
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IDENTIFYING HAZARDS
What do the rules say?

• ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of
  employment.
• Every employer shall
• furnish employment and a place of employment
  which are safe and healthful for employees
  therein, and
• shall do every other thing reasonably necessary
  to protect the life, safety and health of such
  employees.

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OAR 437, Div 001, Rule 0760 (7) Inspections. (a)
All places of employment shall be inspected by a
qualified person or persons as often as the type
of operation or the character of the equipment
requires. Defective equipment or unsafe
conditions found by these inspections shall be
replaced or repaired or remedied promptly. (b)
Wherever required in this safety code, a written
and dated report, signed by the person or persons
making the inspection, shall be kept.
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What does qualified mean? What criteria should
we use to determine frequency of
inspections? What does remedied promptly
mean? What does your inspection report look like?
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What do the rules for safety committees say?
The safety committee is required to
Evaluate
____________ the accident and illness prevention
program ____________ procedures for
inspections ____________ the workplace for safety
and health hazards ____________ how to eliminate
hazards and unsafe behaviors
Establish
Inspect
Recommend
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What is a "hazard?"
practice
condition
An unsafe _________________ or _________________
that could cause an ___________ or
_______________ to an employee.
injury
illness
How can a person be a walking hazardous condition?
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• What is Exposure?
• How close are you to the "danger zone"?
• Physical exposure - generally arms length
• Environmental exposure - could be everyone in
  facility.

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How does your perception about the severity of a
hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard?
Which one of those incidents will end up as a
serious injury?
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What you see are merely the symptoms The direct
observable effects of a underlying cause

• Are unique conditions or individual behaviors
  (you can point at a person or object)
• May exist or be performed by anyone, anytime,
  anywhere
• May directly cause or contribute to an incident
  or accident
• May be important clues revealing root causes

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Where do injuries come from? Unpreventable acts.
Only ________ of all workplace accidents are
thought to be unpreventable. Hazardous
conditions. Hazardous conditions (OR-OSHA
violations) account for only _________ of all
workplace accidents. What procedures do we use
to detect and correct hazardous
conditions? System failure. Safety management
system failures account for at least _________
of all workplace accidents.
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Types of Hazards in the Workplace
1. Falls 2. Impact 3. Mechanical 4.
Vibration/Noise 5. Toxics 6.
Heat/Temperature 7. Flammability/Fire
8. Explosives 9. Pressure 10. Electrical
contact 11. Ergonomics 12. Biohazards 13.
Violence
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Inspect to identify potential accidents
Struck-by Struck-against Contact-by
Contact-with Caught-on Caught-in
Caught-between Fall-To-surface Fall-To-below
Over-exertion Bodily reaction Over-exposure
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Four Important Processes to Identify and Analyze
Hazards
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Inspections and Audits

• The inspection examines conditions in the
  workplace to identify hazards.
• The audit evaluates the quality of program design
  and performance to better control hazards.

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• How to develop an effective safety and health
  checklist.
• Determine applicable state safety health rules
  for the workplace.
• Review rules and use those you feel apply to your
  workplace.
• Develop applicable checklist questions that are
  not addressed in the rules.

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Who's involved in the inspection process? What is
a major weakness inherent in the inspection
process? How can we overcome this weakness?
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Observation

• Observations, informal and formal, are quite
  important in daily workplace safety.
• Employees and managers can spot hazardous
  conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors
  while they conduct their other tasks.

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Observation
What is the proper response when an employee
observes a hazardous condition or unsafe behavior?
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Observation
What is the proper response when a safety
committee member observes a hazardous condition
or unsafe behavior?
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Observation

• Formal observation programs can be successful
  tools for gathering and analyzing data so that
  safety can be improved.

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2
Observation

• What group is well-suited to conduct formal
  observation?

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2
Observation

• What happens when the perception that discipline
  might occur as a result of formal observations?

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• The Job Hazard Analysis
• The process...
• Break a job or task into specific steps.

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• The Job Hazard Analysis
• The process...
• Break a job or task into specific steps.
• Analyze each step for specific hazardous
  conditions and unsafe practices.

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• The Job Hazard Analysis
• The process...
• Break a job or task into specific steps.
• Analyze each step for specific hazardous
  conditions and unsafe practices.
• Develop preventive measures in each step to
  eliminate or reduce the hazards.

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• The Job Hazard Analysis
• The process...
• Break a job or task into specific steps.
• Analyze each step for specific hazardous
  conditions and unsafe practices.
• Develop preventive measures in each step to
  eliminate or reduce the hazards.
• Integrate preventive measures into training and
  standard operating procedures (SOPs).

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Why is it important to involve the employee in
the JHA process?
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Incident/Accident Analysis

• All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no
  matter how minor should be analyzed to identify
  and control hazards.
• Incident analysis allows you to identify and
  control hazards before they cause an injury.
• Accident analysis is an effective tool for
  uncovering hazards that either were missed
  earlier or have managed to slip out of the
  controls planned for them.

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• The two primary phases in the incident/accident
  analysis process
• Event analysis. Analyze the event (near-miss,
  accident) to determine what happened.
• Cause analysis
• Surface Cause Analysis
• Root Cause

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What's the hazard? What kind of accident might
occur?
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What's the hazard? What kind of accident might
occur?
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What's the hazard? What kind of accident might
occur?
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CONTROLLING HAZARDS
Hazard Exposure a Accident
1. Controlling hazards by engineering the
workplace - design tools, equipment, machinery,
materials, facilities.
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Hazard Exposure a Accident
2. Controlling exposures by managing work and
workers.
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Why are engineering controls considered to be
superior to management controls?
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Personal Protective Equipment What
might be some of the drawbacks of reliance solely
on PPE to protect workers? Interim
measures
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Effective Maintenance Processes
Two equipment maintenance programs 1.
Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment
and machinery runs safely and smoothly. 2.
Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment
gets back into safe service quickly. How can we
make sure corrective maintenance is completed
quickly?
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Hazard Tracking Procedures
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THE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Team Exercise View photos and use the
worksheet below to determine hazards, system
weaknesses, accident types and costs,
probability/severity, corrective actions and
system improvement.
Hazard Analysis Worksheet Describe the
Hazard Possible Accident Type(s) Accident
Cost Estimates Risk Recommended
Corrective Action(s) Recommended System
Improvement(s)
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Review Quiz