NS100

1
NS100

• Fundamentals of
• Naval Science

Deck Equipment, Lines and Line Handling Commands
2
Objectives
1. Demonstrate a general knowledge of ground
tackle and deck-related equipment.
2. Describe the purpose of breast lines and
spring lines. 3. Draw and label the six sta
ndard mooring lines. 4. Define the procedu
re for doubling up mooring lines.
3
Objectives
5. Demonstrate and understanding of standard
commands given to linehandlers by
definition and by function.
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Mooring Lines
Mooring lines are the lines used to secure the
ship to a wharf, pier or another ship.
Definition of lines Breast lines - Run at right
angles from the ship, control distance of ship f
rom pier Aft spring lines - Tend aft from ship, c
ontrol forward movement. Forward spring lines
- Tend forward from the ship, control aft movem
ent
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Mooring Lines
Numbering of lines 1 - Bow line 6 - Stern
line 2 - Aft bow spring line 3 - Forward bow s
pring line 4 - Aft quarter spring line 5 - For
ward quarter spring line
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Mooring Lines
Numbering of lines 1 - Bow line 6 - Stern
line 2 - Aft bow spring line 3 - Forward bow s
pring line 4 - Aft quarter spring line 5 - For
ward quarter spring line
3
4
5
2
1
6
7
Mooring Lines

• DO NOT MIX MOORING LINE

Never mix lines of different constructions or
material . Each type of rope exhibits different
elongation characteristics and mixing will result
in an unequal load sharing
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Standard Commandsto Line Handlers
Stand by your lines Send lines over T
ake a strain Slack line Take line X to
capstan/power Heave around Avast heav
ing
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Standard Commandsto Line Handlers
Hold line X Check line X Surge lines
Single up all lines Double up all lines
Take in all lines Cast off all lines

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Ground Tackle and other Mooring Equipment
Cleat - Consists of a double- ended pair of
horns, used for securing a line or wire. B
itts - Pairs of heavy vertical
cylinders, used for making
fast lines led through chocks.
Bollard - Strong cylindrical upright on a p
ier, about which a mooring line is placed.
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Ground Tackle and other Mooring Equipment
Chock - Heavy fitting with smooth surfaces
through which mooring lines are led.
Closed
Open
Roller
Rollers help reduce friction.
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BOLLARD
13
CLEAT
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Ground Tackle and other Mooring Equipment
Capstan - Separate vertical machinery units or
part of the anchor windlass around which
lines are passed, commonly used in
mooring and anchoring evolutions.
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Ground Tackle and other Mooring Equipment
Chafing gear - Canvas or other material placed
around mooring lines to prevent wear.
Fenders - Material designed to absorb the
shock of contact between two ships or a
ship and a pier.
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Ground Tackle and other Mooring Equipment
Camel - A large float or raft used as a fender.
Rat guards - Shields secured around mooring
lines to prevent rats from coming aboard
ships. Dip the eye - When two bights are placed
on the same bollard, the second one is led up
through the first before being put over
the bollard. This allows either to be
cast off without moving the other.
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Ground Tackle and other Mooring Equipment
Padeye - A metal plate with an eye, attached
to the deck to distribute a load over a
large area. Lifelines - Lines erected around th
e edges of decks, referred to as follows
Top - Lifeline Middle - Housing line Bott
om - Foot rope Snaking - Netting rigged between
foot rope and deck.
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Ground Tackle and other Mooring Equipment
Leadline - Marked line used to determine
water depth in fathoms. Boatswains chair - Use
d for sending one person over the side. Jacob
s ladder - Rope ladder w/rungs rigged
over the side for temporary use
Boat boom - Spar swung out from the side of
the ship, permits small boats to ride safely
alongside while at anchor.
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Ground Tackle and other Mooring Equipment
Pilots ladder - Flexible portable ladder,
usually constructed of metal, sturdier than a
Jacobs ladder. Sea ladder - Rigid, portable la
dder that may be rigged to the side of the ship.
Accommodation ladder - Rigid, inclined ladder
rigged to the side of the ship to allow
boarding of a moored or anchored ship.
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Line handling safety precautions

• Tend lines will behind the bits in case the line
  surges or part
  
• Do not even try to check a line that is running
  out rapidly by stepping on it

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Line handling safety precautions

• Do not stand in the direct line of pull of a
  working line. UNDER NO CIRCUSTANCES stand in the
  bight of a line

22
Line handling safety precautions

• When handling lines, fakes down the standing part
  to prevent fouling
  
• The synthetic lines are characterized by high
  elasticity and low friction , an extra turn is
  required when you securing synthetic lines to
  bitts

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Review Questions
1. What type of line are lines 1 and 6?
2. What type of motion is controlled by lines 2
and 4? 3. What is the difference between spri
ng lines and breast lines? 4. What are the thr
ee types of chocks? 5. What does chaffing gear
prevent?
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Review Questions
6. How many parts are there to a properly
doubled line? 7. What is the difference betwee
n taking a strain on a line and heaving around on
a line? 8. What risk is associated with holdin
g a line? 9. What is the difference between ho
lding a line and checking a line?