NS100

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NS100

• Fundamentals of
• Naval Science

Inland Rules of the Road II
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Objectives
1. Know the steering rules for sailing vessels
in sight of each other (Rule 12). 2. Define
overtaking, crossing, and head-on situations
(Rule 13 - 15). 3. Understand the required
actions of the stand- on and give-way vessels
(Rule 16 - 17). 4. Know the order of precedence
for determining right-of-way (Rule 18).
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Objectives
5. Understand the conduct of vessels in
restricted visibility (Rule 19).
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Conduct of vessels in sight of each other (Rule
11)
1. The rules concerning the overtaking, meeting,
and crossing situations apply ONLY to vessels in
visual sight of one another.
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RULE 12

• Sailing Vessels

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Sailing Vessels (Rule 12)
1. When two sailing vessels are approaching one
another such that a risk of collision exists, one
shall keep out of the way of the other as
follows
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Sailing Vessels (Rule 12)
a. When each vessel has the wind on a different
side, the vessel that has the wind on the port
side shall keep out of the way of the
other. b. When both vessels have the wind on
the same side, the vessel that is windward
shall keep out of the way of the leeward
vessel.
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Sailing Vessels (Rule 12)
c. If a vessel with the wind on the port side
sees another vessel to windward, but cannot
determine on which side the wind is relative
to the observed vessel, she shall keep out of
the way of the observed vessel.
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RULE 12 (a) i
w
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RULE 12 (a) i
w
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RULE 12 (a) ii
w
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RULE 12 (a) ii
w
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RULE 12 (a) iii
w
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RULE 12 (a) iii
w
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RULE 12 (a) i
w
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RULE 12 (a) i
w
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Overtaking Situation (Rule 13)
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Overtaking (Rule 13)
1. Any vessel overtaking another shall keep out
of the way of the vessel being overtaken. 2. A
vessel is overtaking if she is approaching
another vessel from more than 22.5 degrees abaft
the beam (at night, you will see the stern light
of the other vessel).
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Overtaking (Rule 13)
3. If in doubt as to whether an overtaking
situation exists, assume that it does and act
accordingly. 4. Any subsequent alteration of
bearing between the two vessels shall not make
the situation a crossing situation the
overtaking vessel is not relieved of her
responsibility to remain clear until she is past
and clear of the vessel being overtaken.
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OVERTAKING SITUATION
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Head-on Situation (Rule 14)
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Head-on Situation (Rule 14)
1. Occurs when two vessels are meeting on
reciprocal or near reciprocal headings and a risk
of collision exists. Each must alter course to
starboard and pass PORT to PORT.
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Head-on Situation (Rule 14)
2. A head-on situation exists when each vessel
sees the other ahead on a seemingly reciprocal
course. At night, a head-on situation exists
when one ship observes both side lights or the
two mast head lights (on a vessel gt50 meters)
are nearly in line on the other vessel. 3. If in
doubt whether a head-on situation exists, assume
it does and act accordingly.
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HEAD-ON SITUATION
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Crossing Situation (Rule 15)
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Crossing Situation (Rule 15)
1. Occurs when two vessels are crossing paths so
as to involve the risk of collision. 2. The
vessel that has the other vessel on her starboard
side shall keep out of her way and shall, if
circumstances permit, avoid crossing ahead of the
other vessel.
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CROSSING SITUATION
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Crossing Situation (Rule 15)
3. Within the inland rules only, a vessel
crossing a river shall keep out of the way of any
vessel ascending or descending the river.
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Action of the Give-way Vessel (Rule 16)
1. Every vessel that is directed to keep out of
the way of another vessel shall, so far as
possible, take early and substantial action to
keep well clear.
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Action of the Stand-On Vessel (Rule 17)
1. The stand-on vessel shall maintain her course
and speed. 2. If the give-way vessel is not
taking the appropriate action to keep clear, the
stand-on vessel may maneuver to avoid collision.
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Action of the Stand-On Vessel (Rule 17)
3. When it becomes apparent the action of the
give-way vessel alone will not be sufficient to
avoid collision, the stand on vessel must
maneuver to avoid collision. 4. Should a
stand-on vessel maneuver in a crossing situation,
she shall avoid altering course to port (turning
into the other vessel).
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Action of the Stand-On Vessel (Rule 17)
5. Nothing in this rule relieves the give-way
vessel from her responsibility to keep out of the
way of the stand-on vessel.
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Responsibilities Between Vessels (Rule 18)
1. The rule establishes the right-of-way pecking
order. From most to least privileged a. Vessel
not under command/Vessel restricted in
ability to maneuver b. Vessel engaged in
fishing c. Sailing vessel d. Power-driven
vessel e. Seaplane
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Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility (Rule
19)
1. This rule applies to vessels not in sight of
one another when navigation in or near an area of
restricted visibility. 2. Every vessel shall
proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing
circumstances and conditions of restricted
visibility. A power driven vessel shall have her
engines ready for immediate maneuver.
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Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility (Rule
19)
3. Every vessel shall have due regard to the
prevailing circumstances and conditions of
restricted visibility when complying with rules 4
through 10. 4. If a vessel detects another
vessel by radar (without any other sensor) it
must determine if a close-quarters or CBDR
situation is developing.
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Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility (Rule
19)
5. If so, she must take action in ample time. If
altering course, remember a. An alteration of
course to port for a vessel forward of the
beam (except a vessel being overtaken) should
be avoided. b. An alteration of course toward a
vessel abeam or abaft the beam should be
avoided.
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Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility (Rule
19)
6. Except where there is risk of collision, every
vessel that hears the fog signal of another
vessel forward of her beam, or which cannot avoid
a close-quarters situation with another vessel
forward of her beam, shall reduce speed to bare
steerage. She shall, if necessary, take all her
way off and proceed only with extreme caution
until the danger of collision is over.
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Questions ?