mhd generation

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PresentationTitleMHD Generation

• Group Members
• Muhammad Saleem 10-EE-38
• EhtishamulHaq 10-EE-48
• Mazhar Ali 10-EE-49

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Introduction

• In 1938, U.S scientist Bela Karlovitz introduced
  the Magneto hydrodynamic generation
• The Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) generator is a
  device that converts thermal energy of a fuel
  into electrical energy.
• 80 of total electricity produced in the world
  is hydal, while remaining 20 is produced from
  nuclear, thermal, solar, geothermal energy and
  from magneto hydro dynamic (mhd) generator.

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• The word magneto hydro dynamics (MHD) is derived
  from magneto-meaning magnetic field,
  and hydro-meaning liquid, and -dynamics meaning
  movement. Hannes Alfvén worked a lot on MHD
  generation , for which he received the Nobel
  Prize in Physics in 1970.
• Magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) is the academic
  discipline which studies the dynamics of
  electrically conducting fluids.
• Examples of such fluids include plasmas, liquid
  metals, and salt water.

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PRINCIPLES OF MHD POWER GENERATION

• In MHD generator, the solid conductors are
  replaced by a gaseous conductor, an ionized gas.
  If such a gas is passed at a high velocity
  through a powerful magnetic field, a current is
  generated and can be extracted by placing
  electrodes in suitable position in the stream.
• The principle can be explained as follows. An
  electric conductor moving through a magnetic
  field induces electric field and current.

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Construction
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• MHD generator consist of a Combusion chamber and
  generator chamber.
• The fliud conductor is passed into the combusion
  chamber where they are ionized at very high
  temperature.
• There is a nozzel through which the ionized gas
  pass into the generator chamber.
• The generator chamber consist of powerful magnet
  and a number of oppositely located electrode pair
  is inserted in the channel to conduct the
  electrical current generated to an external load.
  
• Both combusion chamber and generator chamber are
  suurounded by a heat resistance material and
  water cooler

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Working

• The gaseous (fluid) conductor is passed into
  the combustion chamber through inlet.
• By using a fuel like oil (or) natural gas (or)
  coal, the fluid conductor is heated to a plasma
  state and hence it is ionized.
• The temperature in the combustion chamber is
  around 2000K to 2400K.
• The heat generated in the combustion chamber
  removes the outermost electrons in the fluid
  conductor.
• Therefore, the gas particle acquires the charge

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• The charged gas particles with high velocity
  enters into the generator chamber via nozzle.
• The positive and negative charge moves to
  corresponding electrodes and constitute the
  current.
• The direction of current is perpendicular to both
  the direction of moving gas particle and to the
  magnetic field.

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• The electrodes are connected to an external
  circuit to get a load output.
• The current produced in the MHD generator are
  direct current (DC)
• This DC current can be converted into
  alternative current (AC) using an inverter
  attached with the external circuit.
• .

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Advantages

• The on and off time is about second.
• There are no moving parts, it is very reliable to
  use.
• The MHD generator has high thermal efficiency
• It is a direct conversion device.
• They have a better fuel utilization
• It can produce large amount of power
• The size of the pant is small

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Disadvantages

• They need high pure superconductor.
• Working temperature is very high as about 200K
  to 2400K.
• The loss of power if very high
• The components get high corrosion due to high
  working temperature.

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Application

• The MHD generators are used to power submarines
  and aircrafts.
• Electrical power production for domestic
  applications
• They are used in rocket for space application
• They can be used as power plants in industry and
  uninterrupted power supply system

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THE END.

• ANY QUESTION????????
• THANKS