Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Causes, Symptoms, Daignosis, Prevention and Treatment (1)

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Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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Necrotizing Enterocolitis

• Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious
  disease that primarily affects a baby's
  gastrointestinal tract, which consists of the
  mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
  and anus. Although the exact cause of necrotizing
  enterocolitis (NEC) is still unknown, it can be
  further associated with an infection.Damage
  caused by necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) to the
  intestines may create a hole in the intestines,
  allowing bacteria normally present in the
  intestines to leak out into the abdomen and cause
  infection. Even with treatment, this can cause
  serious complications.In more severe cases, it
  may be necessary to surgically extract part of
  the intestine. In the most severe cases,
  necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) can be fatal.

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Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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• The vast majority of necrotizing enterocolitis
  (NEC) cases is found in very premature infants.
  Even so, the condition only affects a small
  percentage of premature infants.However,
  necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is rare because
  of their increased risk premature infants are
  monitored closely during feedings.

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Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

• If the doctor founds that your baby has
  necrotizing enterocolitis, an abdominal X-ray
  will be performed to look for signs of the
  condition.

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Signs Symptoms of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

• Symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis may
  include
• Abdominal distension or swelling in almost all
  cases (although most infants with abdominal
  distension don't have NEC)
• An unstable temperature
• Bloody stools
• Poor feeding
• Feeding intolerance
• Bile-colored, or green, gastric residuals or
  vomiting

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Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

• Treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis relies on
  the severity of the baby's condition. The
  treatment plan can include medical treatments or
  surgery.Medical TreatmentMedical treatments
  may include
• all regular feedings should be stopped and an
  intravenous (IV) catheter should be used to
  provide nutrients to the baby
• A nasogastric tube should be placed extending
  from the baby's nose into the stomach to suction
  air and fluids from the baby's stomach and
  intestine
• Antibiotic therapy to treat possible infections
• Checking stools for blood

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Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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• Regular blood tests to identify signs of
  infection and imbalances in the body's chemistry
• if abdominal swelling interferes with breathing,
  oxygen or mechanically assisted breathing
• In major cases, platelet and red blood cell
  transfusion
• Surgical Treatment
• If a baby doesn't respond to medical treatment,
  or if there's a hole in the intestines, surgery
  is necessary. The doctor would like to perform an
  abdominal laparotomy, a procedure that involves
  opening the abdomen to examine the condition of
  the bowel.

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Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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• With major necrotizing enterocolitis, part of
  the bowel may be extracted. The goal is to remove
  only the part of the bowel that has no chance of
  recovery. In some of the cases, a rubber tube is
  placed in the abdomen to allow drainage of
  infected fluid.A temporary ostomy, in which an
  opening is made in the wall of the abdomen, may
  be necessary to allow the bowel to recover and
  heal.As part of the procedure, a stoma is
  created to allow the passage of stool. Another
  operation can be performed to reexamine the
  abdomen 24 to 48 hours later to determine if
  necrotizing enterocolitis has progressed or not.

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