granulator (1)

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GRANULATORS

• Types of granulation

GENERAL PROCESS SPECIFIC METHODOLOGY
WET GRANULATION Wet massing Fluid bed granulation Spray drying Pan granulation Extrusion pelletizing
DRY GRANULATION Roller compaction Slugging
OTHER PROCESSES Humidification Melt pellatization
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• RAPID MIXER GRANULATOR
• General Design
• 1)Through
• 2)Impeller three bladed
• 3)Chopper a) U- shaped chopper.
• b) Multi-bladed chopper.
• 4)Discharge a) through -the-wall mill.
• b) concealed hinge
  mechanism.
• 5)Loading a) Gravity loading
• b) Vaccum loading
• 6)Binder solution addition a)nozzle
• 
  b)pump
• 
  c) presser pot
• 7)Standard platform designs

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• Working
• Granulation is conventionally performed in the
  following process steps
• Mixing of dry material at high impeller speeds
  for a few minutes (approx. 2-5 min).
• Addition of liquid binder by pouring it onto the
  powder, while the impeller is running at a low
  speed (approx.1-2min.)
• Wet massing with impeller running at high speed
  (approx.1-5min.)
• Wet sieving the granules by using chopper.
• Drying the granulate.
• Dry sieving the granulate

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• ADVANTAGES-
• Gravity loaded
• Unit formula maintained
• Forms desired wet granule rapidly
• Less wetting and more rapid drying
• Homogeneously dry mixes quickly color
  distribution is excellent can eliminate premixes
  of addition by geometric progression
• Self-discharging
• Improved coefficient of weight variation
• Improved content uniformity
• Sanitary construction
• Relatively easy to clean
• Mixing bowl may be jacketed
• Option to dry granulation with mixer
• Adequate safety devices
• Conforms to good manufacturing practices(GMP)

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• DISADVANTAGES-
• Relatively high cost
• High noise level
• Adding material directly is not convenient
• Temperature rise from head of friction
• Non movable
• Must be raised to working height
• Foreign spare part

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• Indian manufacturing machines
• Rapid mixer granulator(chitra)

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• 2) Rapid mixer granulator (SAMS)

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• EXTRUSION-SPHERONISATION
• This process was first reported by Reynolds
  Conine and Hadley . This involves 4 steps
• 1) preparation of wet mass
  (granulation)
• 2) shaping the wet mass into
  cylinders or rods( extrusion)

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Step. 1 preperAaton of wet mass

• Different mixers used for the preperation of wet
  mass are
• Sigma blade mixer
• Planetory mixer
• Considerations
• evaporation of fluid phase must
  be restricted.

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Extrusion

• extrusion is the shaping of wet
  mass into long rods.
• Types of extruders
• 1) sieve extruder

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• 2) Basket extruder

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• 3) Screw extruder
• a) Axial type
• b) Radial type

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• 4) Roll extruders
• a)roll extruder with one perforated roll

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• b) Roll extruder with two perfprated rolls

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• c) Roll extruder with the extrusion sreen
  rotating around rollers

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SPHERONISATION

• In this step extrudated rods are dumped
  on to spinning fiction plate called speroniser.
• Due to frictional forces extrudates are
  broken up in to small cyllinders with a length
  equal to diameter.

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• Friction plate
• Time 2-10 min
• Rotational speed 200-400 rpm
• Types
• 1)cross-hatch
• Grooves are in right angles.
• 2)Radial plate
• Grooves are located in radial pattern.

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drying

• 1) Microwave oven
• 2) Tray drier
• 3) Fluid bed drier