Host Immune Response

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Host Immune Response
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• Antibiotic misuse is a significant public health
  concern and economic burden worldwide. Misuse
  relates both to overuse when treating a
  non-bacterial disease, such as a viral infection
  for which antibiotics are ineffective, and to
  underuse in cases of bacterial disease for which
  antibiotic treatment was delayed or not given and
  would have benefited the patient.

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• according to the US Centers for Disease Control
  and Prevention (CDC), over 80 million antibiotic
  prescriptions are given in the US annually at the
  outpatient setting to treat viral infections, for
  which they are ineffective and inappropriate.
• Know More-Host Immune Response

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• Over-prescription of unnecessary antibiotics may
  cause adverse events such as allergic reactions,
  antibiotic-associated diarrhea, intestinal yeast
  infection, etc.

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• These preventable adverse events negatively
  impact patient care and are typically associated
  with prolonged hospital stay.

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• Antibiotic overuse is also driving the emergence
  of multi-drug resistant bacteriaone of the
  biggest healthcare problems of our time.

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• Antibiotic underuse may lead to prolonged disease
  duration and increased rate of disease-related
  complications, both of which may be avoided with
  prompt treatment of the bacterial infection.

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• Underuse is fairly common. For example, up to 15
  of adult patients hospitalized for bacterial
  pneumonia in the US receive delayed or no
  antibiotic treatments even though early treatment
  of bacterial pneumonia is known to save lives and
  reduce complications.

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• Presently, a "watchful waiting" approach is being
  adopted in certain clinical situations in an
  attempt to reduce antibiotic overuse.

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• Namely, antibiotics are prescribed only after a
  waiting period, during which the disease has not
  proved to be self-limiting.