New Zealand Arts and crafts 2

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Make by hand and with much skill
Arts and Crafts
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Aotearoa is the most widely known and accepted
Maori name for New Zealand. The original
derivation of Aotearoa is not known for certain.
The word can be broken up as ao cloud, tea
white and roa long, and it is therefore usually
glossed as "the land of the long white cloud".
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Maori culture has historically been oral. This
means they had no written language to pass on
cultural heritage. As a result carvings and other
art forms flourished as a means to pass on
ancestry, major historic events, beliefs,
legends, and other cultural elements
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Even upon today the designs and their symbolism
still tell the wonderful Maori tales. Thats why
Maori symbols form such a substantial part of the
national Maori identity and culture.
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The elaborate artistic traditions of the Maori
have in common that the large deal, if not all,
make use of these Maori symbols. Some of the
most well known symbols or designs are
Tiki
Twist
Koru
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Tiki is one of the most popular Maori symbols.
Also known as an emblem of other cultures
belonging to the Polynesian culture. According to
legends Tiki was the first man on earth who
originated from the stars. The first mortal
person who created the first woman after his image
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Tiki or heitiki are traditional ornaments created
by Maori, the Polynesian first settlers of New
Zealand. The material they are most commonly made
from is nephrite, a stone related to jade, found
in several places in New Zealand's South Island.
It is called pounamu in Maori, greenstone in
common New Zealand English
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The Maori name for the South Island, Te Wai
Pounamu, refers to the stone.
There are traditional accounts for the creation
of the stone which relate it to the children of
Tangaroa. It is a very hard stone and is
laborious to work, especially so with the basic
grinding tools available to the Neolithic Maori
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The ornament is unique to New Zealand, as are
several other ornaments made from this stone.
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The exact meaning of the tiki symbol is disputed.
There are several opinions but the most accepted
are that tiki stands for fertility, and is a good
luck charm meant to keep evil spirits away
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Other theories state that tiki represents the
human embryo, or the Maori god Tiki who was
considered responsible for the creation of life.
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The symbology of Maori tiki has been much
debated. The name tiki (penis) is one which is
applied to stone statues elsewhere in Polynesia.
It is the name of a male demigod which appears
often in Polynesian mythology and is
unquestionably ancient
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They are thought of by some as fertility symbols,
but strangely given their name, the detail of
many of them shows female reproductive organs
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Tiki remain prestige items in New Zealand today
heirlooms in Maori families and occasionally in
Pakeha (non-Maori) ones as well. They are worn by
Maori on ceremonial occasions and occasionally by
Pakeha too where they have acquired them through
some historical event. Sometimes they are
ceremonially displayed rather than worn
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One theory interprets detail on tiki as
representing common birth deformities (club foot
etc.) and suggests they are a talisman to protect
against such things
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The Maori have occupied New Zealand since about
1100 AD. The historical origins of tiki are not
understood as they are virtually absent from the
archaeological record. For a precious item this
is not surprising
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Double and Triple Twist is an eternity symbol.
Refers to the bond between peoples or cultures
rather than individuals. Traditionally given as
an offering of friendship between different
tribes. Maori twist symbols also refer to the so
called three baskets of knowledge. This is a
concept that, very roughly translated, has to do
with how, the for humankind necessary knowledge
to survive, came to the world. According to the
legend the god Tane (creator of the first man
Tiki) brought down those three baskets from the
heavens
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Matau (Fish Hook) Originally the Maori have been
fishermen. Their main food source was the sea so
a fish hook of high quality was a valuable item
to posses
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Matau (Fish Hook) Worn around the neck the hook
became a symbol of prosperity, abundance, good
health, power, authority, and respect for the sea
and its life in it. It is also believed to
provide good luck and safety while traveling over
water
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Pukeko is the common name, derived from the Maori
language, for the Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio
porphyrio) in New Zealand
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Pukeko are known for their bold scheming and
determination. In times past they raided gardens
for kumara (sweet potato) and taro. A stubborn,
annoying person was compared metaphorically to
the bird, and was said to have Pukeko ears
(taringa Pakura) They are known to steal eggs
from each other and this is an indication of
their character
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In New Zealand the Pukeko is mentioned in the
Maori myth 'How the Kiwi lost her wings' in which
several birds of the forest are asked to come
down from the trees to eat the bugs on the ground
and save the forest, but all give excuses except
the Kiwi who is willing to give up his colours
and the ability to fly
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The Pukeko's excuse is that it looks too damp
down there, and he does not want to get his feet
wet. The Pukeko is punished for his reluctance
and told he must now live forever in the swamps
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By one account the Pukeko is the spawn of Punga
(the ancestor of sharks and reptiles - enemies of
the people) but was claimed by relative (and high
chief) Tawhaki. Tawhaki cut himself while cutting
timber and so daubed the Pukeko's forehead with
his own blood to signify their bond. So the
mischievous Pukeko gets his character from Punga
and his noble badge from Tawhaki
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respective owners Presentation Sanda Foisoreanu
2011
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