Chapter 5 The Spread of Greek Art and Culture

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Chapter 5 The Spread of Greek Art and Culture
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• Terms and Concepts
• Hellenistic Period (323 30 BC)
• Antigonus, Ptolemy, and Seleucus
• Hellenistic Conventions
• Conflicting trends in Hellenistic sculpture
• Pergamon
• Neo-Babylonian Civilization (612 539 BC)
• Persian Civilization (559 331 BC)
• coin minting
• Lydians

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• Daric
• Etruscan Empire (700 539 BC)
• Conventions of Etruscan art

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Greek Settlements around 550 BC.
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The Empire of Alexander the Great
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The Hellenistic Greeks (Hellenistic Period 323
BC 30 BC)
The death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC marks
the beginning of the Hellenistic Period Three of
his generals split up his territory and built
their individual Empires.
Antigonus Ptolemy Seleucus
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Shift from depictions of ideal heroes to the
everyday individual.
Hellenistic Greek
Classical Greek
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Alexander the Great Confronts Darius III at the
Battle of Issos, Roman copy of Greek original, c.
310 BC
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Roman mosaic copy of an original Greek painting,
uses Hellenistic convention foreshortening
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Temple of the Olympian Zeus, Athens, 175 BC, 132
AD
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Theater, Epidauros. Early 3rd century BC and later
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• Two conflicting trends in sculpture during
  Hellenistic Period
• Classical revisited artists revisited
  Classical works and incorporated their styles
  into their own work
• Anti-Classical led away from Classical models
  and toward experimentation with new forms and
  subjects
• Conventions of Hellenistic Period
• intense expressionism
• complex interaction of space and form

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• Aphrodite of Melos (also called Venus de Milo),
  c. 150 BC
• Marble, 6 feet 10 inches
• Classical Revisited trend

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• Market Woman, 1st Century BC
• Marble, 49 tall
• Anti-Classical

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• Nike (Victory) of Samothrace, from the sanctuary
  of the Great Gods, Samothrace, c. 190 BC
• Marble
• 8 feet high
• Anti-Classical

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Pergamon, a Greek city-state, gained its
independence at the end of the 3rd century BC and
became a leader in the arts and a center of a
great deal of sculptural advances.
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• Epigonos. Dying Gallic Trumpeter, Roman copy of a
  bronze Greek original, c. 220 BC
• Marble, life-size
• By artist Epigonos
• Shows the death of a wounded soldier
• Wears a torque
• expressionism

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• Reconstructed west front of the altar from
  Pergamon, Turkey, c 166-159 BC
• Marble
• battle between gods and giants as metaphor for
  Pergamons victory of the Gauls

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• Athena Attacking the Giants, detail of frieze
  from the east front of the altar from Pergamon,
  Turkey, c. 166-159 BC
• Marble frieze, 7 feet 6 inches high
• Carved in high-relief
• Features deep undercutting

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Neo-Babylonian Civilization (c. 612 539
BC) Ishtar Gate, Babylon (575 BC)
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The Persians (559 BC 331 BC) Persian Empire or
Achaemenid Empire
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Daric, coin first minted under rule of Darius I
of Persia, 4th Century BC Darius I obtained the
knowledge of coin minting from the Lydians around
545 BC.
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Apadana (Audience Hall) of Darius I and Xerxes I,
ceremonial complex, Persepolis, c. 460 BC
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Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, relief from
stairway at Apadana, Persepolis, c. 491
Xerxes I
Darius I
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The Etruscans (700 539 BC)
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• Apollo, from Veii, c. 500 BC
• Painted terra-cotta, 5 feet 10 inches
• Archaic Smile demonstrating Greek influence
• Not nude like Greeks would have done

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• Burial Chamber, Tomb of the Reliefs, Cerveteri,
  3rd Century BC
• Carved to imitate a typical Etruscan home
• Walls were plastered and painted

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Musicians and Dancers, detail of wall painting
from Tomb of the Lionesses, Tarquinia, c. 480-470
BC
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• Sarcophagus, from Cerveteri, c. 520 BC
• Terra-cotta, 6 feet 7 inches long

More expressive than Tuts sarcophagus
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She-Wolf, c.500 Naturalized rendering but also
stylized characteristic of Etruscan art.
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