Metabolic: Endocrine

1
Metabolic Endocrine
2
Pancreas
3
Endocrine A PPancreas

• Pancreas Physiology
• Insulin
• Stimulated by presence of glucose
• Lowers blood sugar levels
• Stores carbohydrate, protein, fat

Box 34-2 on page 833
4
Pancreas

• Pancreas Physiology
• Glucagon
• Opposite effect of insulin
• Raises blood sugar levels
• Forms glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
• Glycogenolysis
• Gluconeogenesis

Insulin / Glucagon Ratio Box 34-3 on page 834
5
Pituitary Hypothalamus
Figure 34-1 on page 832 Figure 34-3 on page 835

• Anatomy
• Hypothalamus and Pituitary are linked
• Pituitary also called hypophysis
• Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis)
• Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)

6
Pituitary Hypothalamus

• Physiology
• Pituitary controlled by the hypothalamus
• Release inhibiting factors
• Feedback loop

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Feedback
Loop Figure 34-6 on page 838
7
Pituitary Hypothalamus

• Physiology
• Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
• Regulates fluid balance
• Constricts smooth muscle
• Maintains plasma osmolality

Figure 34-4 on page 836 Box 34-4 on page 837
8
Thyroid Gland
Figure 34-5 on page 838

• Thyroid Anatomy
• Thyroid gland weighs 15 - 30 g
• Bow-tie shape
• Surrounds 2nd to 4th tracheal rings

9
Endocrine A PThyroid Gland

• Physiology
• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
• Triiodothyronine (T3)
• Thyroxine (T4)
• Thyrocalcitonin (Calcitonin)

Box 34-5 on page 839