The Endocrine System An Introduction

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The Endocrine SystemAn Introduction
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• The Endocrine System

• Uses chemicals (hormones) to control functions in
  the body
• Hormones control most major processes
• Growth, metabolism, reproduction, etc

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Endocrine
Nervous
Fast Nerve impulse Muscles, glands Short term
Slow Hormones Varied Long lasting
Speed Method Target Duration
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• A. Hormone Overview

• Hormones are produced and secreted by specialized
  cells
• Transferred by blood to special target cells

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• Hormones affect only target cells that have
  specific protein receptors

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• B. The Types of Hormones

• Steroids lipids, made from cholesterol
• Amino acid hormones proteins

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• Steroid Hormones

• Diffuse through the cell membrane of target cells
• Binds to a protein inside the cell
• Attaches to specific sites on the cells DNA
• Activate genes

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Slide 9.8

• Amino Acid Hormones

• Hormone binds to a receptor on the cell membrane,
  does not enter
• Sets off a series of reactions within the cell

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• C. Stimulating the Release of Hormones

1) Endocrine glands are activated by other
hormones
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2) Changing levels of other substances in the
blood ex- Calcium ions - blood
glucose levels
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3) Nerve impulses stimulate hormone release
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Slide 9.5

• D. Regulating Hormone Activity

-Hormones change the regular activity of existing
cells (do not stimulate new, unusual activity)
1) receptors are only located on specific
cells 2) different numbers of
receptors 3) Different amounts or levels of
hormones
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• E. Control of Hormone Release

• Rising hormone levels in the blood inhibit the
  release of more hormone

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• F. Location of Major Endrocrine Organs

Figure 9.3
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Slide 9.15

• 1) Pituitary Gland

• Size of a grape
• Hangs by a stalk under the hypothalamus
• Has two lobes
• Anterior pituitary
• endocrine gland
• Posterior pituitary
• nervous tissue

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• Hormones of the Pituitary

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Slide 9.18

• a) Growth Hormone (GH)

• General metabolic hormone
• Targets bones and muscles
• Causes fats to be broken down for a source of
  energy
• Dwarfism and gigantism

HSW Gigantism video
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• b) Prolactin (PRL)
• Stimulates and maintains milk production
  following childbirth
• Function in males is unknown

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Slide 9.20a

• c) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• -Stimulates follicle development in
  ovaries
• -Stimulates sperm development in
  testes

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• d) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Influences growth and activity of the thyroid,
  which regulates bodys metabolism

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Slide 9.22

• e) Oxytocin
• Stimulates contractions of the uterus during
  labor
• Causes release of milk from breast, contraction
  of milk ducts

Oxytocin video
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• f) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• Retains water in the body, making urine more
  concentrated
• Inhibited by alcohol