Cartilages

1
Cartilages

• Hyaline Cartilage Translucent, invisible
  collagen fibers
• Knee joints
• Elastic Cartilage
• Visible elastic fibers, very flexible.
• Ear pinna or auricle
• Fibrous Cartilage
• Bundles of collagen fibers, very obvious.
  Intervertebral discs

2
Articular Cartilage Anatomy
3
Histological Observation of Cartilage
Uncalcified Cartilage
Calcified Cartilage
Subchondral Bone
4
Composition of Cartilage

• Wet weight
• 15-22 collagen
• 4-7 proteoglycan
• 60-85 water
• 3-5 cells
• Maximally adapted for biomechanical function of
  articular cartilage

5
Collagens

• Collagen
• Creates a framework that houses the other
  components of cartilage
• Majority is type II collagen
• Provides cartilage with tensile strength
• Weak to compression

6
Proteoglycans

• Proteoglycan
• Each subunit consists of a combination of protein
  and sugar
• Sugar units attached densely in parallel
• Produce macromolecules the proteoglycan
  aggregates
• Weak to compression

7
Degeneration of the Cartilage
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8
Cell Therapy for Cartilage Damage using
Autologous Chondrocytes
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9
Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Cells
Culture environment Growth factors Mechanical
stimulation
Tissues
Culture
Use of allogenic cell sources Construction of
artificial cartilage
Scaffolds
10
Scaffolds for Cartilage Tisse Engineering
Gels/Beads
Sponges
Membranes
11
Regeneration of the Cartilage

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Fibrin/HA ??? 3?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? (in vitro)
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12
Low Intensity Ultrasound as a Tool for Cell
Therapy of Cartilage
13
Effect of LIUS on the Cell Viability

• Mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenic
  differentiation

Cell viability assay
Western blot analysis
14
Effect of LIUS on the Chondrogenesis

• Human chondrocytes (in vitro)

Alginate culture (Alcian blue staining)
Explants culture (GAG type II collagen)
15
Effect of LIUS on the Chondrogenesis
Control
LIUS
TGF-b
LIUS/TGF

• Human MSCs (in vitro)

GAG
Alginate culture (1 ?)
Col II
2 ?
PGA culture (Safranin-O ??)
4 ?
16
Signal Pathway of LIUS Stimulation

• Human chondrocytes (in vitro)

B
LIUS
A
PD98059
U0126
LIUS
2 10 50 2 10 50
(mM)
0 5 10 15 20 (min)
ERK-?
p38-?
JNK-?
ERK-?
C
Actin
a-Integrin
IgG



LIUS
ERK-?
17
LIUS Activates Cell Adhesion Process
18
Therapeutic Effect of LIUS on the Cartilage
Repair
Ultrasonic Stimulation

Chondrocyte viability proliferation ?
Cartilage matrix synthesis ? Chondrogenesis of
MSCs ? Cellular mechanism ?? Signaling
pathways ??