Matter

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Matter Radiation 1Inside the atom

• Unit 1.1a1
• Breithaupt chapter 1.1
• pages 4 5

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AS specification

• Proton, neutron, electron. Their charge and mass
  in SI units and relative units. Specific charge
  of nuclei and of ions. Atomic mass unit is not
  required.
• Proton number Z, nucleon number A, nuclide
  notation, isotopes.

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Structure of an atom

• Central positively charged nucleus containing
  protons and neutrons (nucleons) diameter
  approx. 10-15 m (1 femtometre)
• Electrons surround nucleus
• Atomic diameter approx. 10-10 m roughly 10 000 x
  nucleus diameter

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Properties of sub-atomic particles
Note u unified mass unit 1.67 x 10-27
kg and e charge of an electron - 1.6 x 10-19 C
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Proton number (Z)

• This is equal to the number of protons in the
  nucleus of an atom
• Also known as atomic number
• Atoms of the same atomic number are of the same
  element

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Nucleon number (A)

• This is equal to the number of nucleons (protons
  plus neutrons) in the nucleus of an atom
• Also known as mass number

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Isotopes

• These are atoms that the same number of protons
  but different numbers of neutrons
• Isotopes have the same proton number and so are
  all of the same element
• Atomic structure quiz

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Isotope notation
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Complete
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Answers
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Specific charge

• This is equal to the charge of a particle divided
  by its mass
• Example Calculate the specific charge of a
  nucleus of helium 4
• helium 4 contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons
• charge 2 x ( 1.6 x 10-19 C) 3.2 x 10-19 C
• mass 4 x 1.67 x 10-27 kg 6.68 x 10-27 kg
• specific charge 4.79 x 107 Ckg-1

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Notes from Breithaupt pages 4 5

• Describe the structure of an atom of carbon 14,
  (proton number 6), include a diagram and give
  approximate dimensions
• Copy out table 1 on page 4
• Define what is meant by proton number, nucleon
  number, isotopes and specific charge
• Explain the various ways of notating atomic
  nuclei
• Calculate the specific charge of a nucleus of
  carbon 14 (proton number 6)
• Try the summary questions on page 5

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Answers to the summary questions