High School Graduation Test Review

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High School Graduation Test Review
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French Revolution

• Causes of the French Revolution
• 1. Cumulative Discontent with the
• Ancient Regime
• a. Criticized the government for being
• inefficient corrupt, favoring the
• privileged class.
• 3rd Estate (middle class, peasants, working
  class) paid all of the taxes yet had
• not say in the government (taxation
• w/out representation).

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Causes Cumulative Discontent with Ancient Regime
continued

• Divine Right of Kings produced an inefficient
  irresponsible govt with a tax system that was
  unjust inequitable.
• Legal system was chaotic and had no uniform laws
  or code of laws
• Middle class businessmen bankers began
  asserting themselves demanding more social
  political power.
• Enlightenment- Rights of Man Consent of the
  Governed

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Causes of the French Revolution

• Financial Mismanagement the nations debt
  increased because
• a. Colonial wars with England (1778-1783)
• b. French Role in the American Rev.
• c. Expense of maintaining a large army
• and navy.
• d. Extravagant costs of maintaining the
• Royal Court at Versailles

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Causes of the French Revolution

• 2nd Estate (Nobles) controlled the legal system
  and thus would not pass new tax laws that would
  tax themselves.
• France slid slowly into bankruptcy
• 1787- Louis XVI attempted but failed to pass new
  tax laws requiring the 2nd Estate to pay taxes.

French money from 1792
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Causes of the French Revolutions

• Estates General is Summoned
• a. The Estates General was designed to
  represent the
• 3 Estates but it only met twice
• 1? 1302 when it was created
• 2? 1614
• b. May 1789- Louis XVI ordered a meeting the
  Estates
• General in order to gain approval
  for new taxes.
• c. Voting in the Estates General ? each Estate
  voted
• as a unit or 1 vote per estate for
  a total of 3 votes.
• d. 1st Estate and 2nd Estate always vote
  together ?
• result is always 2 to 1. 3rd
  Estate would always
• loose!
• e. May 5, 1789? 3rd Estate refused to vote
  because it
• wanted voting per person instead of by unit.
  
• 3rd Estate had twice as many
  representatives in the
• Estates General as the other
  Estates.

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French RevolutionImportant Dates

• 1789- French Treasury is depleted due to heavy
  financial support of the American Revolution and
  King Louis XVI asks for money from parliament.
• July 14, 1789- People of Paris storm the Bastille
  (prison)

Bastille
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French RevolutionImportant Dates

• August 26-1789- French Assembly approves the
  Declaration of the Rights of Man and the a
  Constitution for France.
• 1791- Revolutionary clubs from the middle class
  form a new Assembly.
• 1793- King Louis XVI is
• beheaded.

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French RevolutionImportant Dates

• 1793-1794- Reign of Terror A French Tribunal
  orders between 20,000 and 40,000 people executed
  for speaking out against the revolution.
• 1795-1799- Revolution subsides France vows
  victories against her enemies outside of France

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Phases of the French Revolution

• Phase I National Assembly 1789-1791
• Phase II Legislative Assembly1791-1792
• Phase III The National Convention1792-1795
• Phase IV The Directory 1795-1799

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Napoleons Rise to Power in France

• 1799- Napoleon becomes a ruler of France and
  establishes a new government called the Consulate.

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Napoleons Rise to Power in France

• 1801- Napoleon centralizes the courts, school,
  and the government under a new civil code called
  the Napoleonic Code.
• 1805- Napoleon defeats the combined Austrian and
  Russian armies at the Battle
• of Austerlitz

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Napoleon Invades Russia

• 1812- Napoleon tries to invade Russia.
• 300,000 of his soldiers will perish in the
  terribly cold winter.
• Returns to France a loser.

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Napoleon Gives Up Throne

• 1814- Napoleon abdicates or gives up his throne
  and empire. ??????
• He is then sent into exile to Elba Island.

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Napoleon's Return

• 1815- Napoleon tries to revive his empire but he
  and his troops are defeated by the British at the
  Battle of Waterloo

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Napoleon Dies

• Following Napoleon defeat at Waterloo, he is
  exiled again.
• He was sent to St. Helena, and he hated it.
• 1821 he dies on St. Helena.

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The Industrial Revolution 1750-1914

• Overview
• Power-driven machines replaced hand tools in
  manufacturing
• Invention of machines that increased production
  of steel, clothing, and food

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The Industrial Revolution 1750-1914

• Development of the assembly line different
  workers (men, women, children) perform each step
  in the manufacturing of a product.
• Specialization of Jobs to increase production.

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Results of the Industrial Revolution

• A. Prosperity and income for a rising middle
  class.
• B. Harsh working conditions including long work
  hours, disease, low wages, unsafe working
  environments.
• C. Rise of labor unions to protect workers.
• D. Decrease in agriculture-based economy? rural
  populations moved to the
• cities to find work.