Organic Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

• Chemistry 231
• Chapter 1

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Syllabus

• How to contact me?
• Exams.
• Grading policy.
• Lecture schedule.
• Homework problems.
• Tutoring center, K-211.

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Why study organic chemsitry?
Page 256
the fundamental processes of organic
chemistry are the same in the living cell
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Topics you should know from General Chemistry

• Atom - Orbitals (s p) and electronic
  configuration.
• Molecule - Covalent bonding, Lewis structure,
  octet rule, molecular orbital (?, ?, ?, ?),
  hybridization (sp3, sp2,sp), geometry (planar,
  Td), formal charge, empirical formula, isomers,
  dipole moment, molecular bond, resonance
  structure.
• Intermolecular Forces - dipole-dipole, van der
  Waal dispersion, hydrogen bonding.
• Acid-Base - Definitions, pH, Ka, pKa, acid
  strength, structure and acidity.
• Kinetics - Rates, rate law, Ea, activated
  (transition state) complex, intermediate,
  reaction mechanism, molecularity (unimolecular,
  bimolecular), exergonic endergonic reaction
  profile.
• Thermodynamics - Reaction spontaneity.
• Organic chemistry.

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Atom - orbitals
SchrÖdinger equation, H?E?
n, ? , m?, Quantum Numbers.
Principle (energy), n 1, 2, 3, , 7, ...
Angular momentum (shape), ? 0(s), 1(p), 2(d),
3(f), ...
Magnetic (orientation), m? - ?, , 0, , ?
Spin, ms ½, -½
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Atomic orbitals - s and p
n1, ? 0, m? 0, ms ½
n2, ? 1, m? 0, ? 1, ms ? ½
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Atomic orbitals - orbital
n2, ? 1, m? 0, 1, or -1, ms ½ or -½
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Atomic orbitals -periodic table
Aufbau Principle
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Hunds Rule
Periodic Table
Textbook
http//www.webelements.com/
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Atomic orbitals - periodic table
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Molecule - covalent bonding

• Lewis Structure, Kekulé structure, octet rule.
• Molecular orbital theory, MOLCAO, bonding
  orbital, antibonding orbital.
• Hybridization - sp3, sp2, sp, , geometry for
  sp3(tetrahedral(Td), 109o), sp2(planar, 120o),
  sp(linear, 180o).

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sp3
25 s, 75 p
420 kJ/mol
106 pm
376 kJ/mol
Ethane
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sp2
33 s, 67 p
444 kJ/mol
Ball Spoke
611 kJ/mol
Ethene
Space-Filling
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sp
50 s, 50 p
552kJ/mol
Acetylene
835kJ/mol
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Examples(molecular formula, formal charge,
isomers, hybridization)

• CH4
• NH3
• H2O
• CH3
• CH3-
• H3O
• C2H6
• C2H4
• C2H2
• C2H6O