PI 1509: Introduction to World Politics

1
PI 1509Introduction to World Politics

• International Organisations in Europe

2
Overview

• Debates about Europe pre-1945
• US influences in Europe
• Truman doctrine
• Marshall Plan
• International organisations in W. Europe
• Economic
• Military
• International organisations in E. Europe
• Concluding remarks

3
Debates about Europe before 1945

• Duc de Sully (1620)
• Penn (1693)
• Kant (1795)
• Saint-Simon (1814)
• Coudenhove-Kalergi (1923)
• Briand memorandum (1930)
• Draft Declaration II (1945)

4
American influences I

• Truman doctrine
• Roosevelt speech, 1941
• Post-war Greece
• Truman doctrine expressed in 1947
• Quote The US pledges to support...
• free peoples who are resisting subjugation by
  armed minorities or by outside pressures

5
American influences II

• US diplomatic report Europe is steadily
  deteriorating.
• Marshall Plan (1947-51)
• US help to Europe.
• Offer made to USSR and states in E. Europe but
  rejected as a capitalist ruse.
• 12.5 billion to 16 W. European states.
• US gives aid, medical supplies, food, cash BUT
  the Europeans to organise how this is to be
  distributed.

6
16 states who participate in Marshall Plan

• Britain
• France
• Norway
• Belgium
• Netherlands
• Iceland
• Luxembourg
• Denmark

• W. Germany (enemy)
• Italy (enemy)
• Austria (enemy)
• Sweden (neutral)
• Ireland (neutral)
• Portugal (neutral)
• Greece
• Turkey

7
Why does US get involved?

• Truman doctrine
• Spread of democracy
• US recognises international nature of world?
• Secure markets for US goods services
• To prevent another war
• Lesson learned from inter-war period?
• Helping allies
• Fear of communism

8
International organisations in Western Europe

• Economic
• Marshall Plan OEEC/OECD (1947)
• ECSC (1951/52)
• EEC/EC/EU (1957)
• Military
• NATO (1949)
• Involvement of European states, USA Canada

9
International organisations in Eastern Europe

• Political
• Cominform (1947)
• Communist party rule
• Economic
• The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA)
  known as COMECON (1949)
• Military
• Warsaw Pact (1955)

10
Concluding remarks

• The international organisations formed in Europe
  after 1945 reflected the divisions of the Cold
  War.
• The US was important in sponsoring many Western
  organisations.
• EEC/EC/EU important in developing economy of
  Europe after total war.