Urban Economics

1
Urban Economics

• Dr. Sieglinde Amelia Walter
• Ingolstadt 2008

2
Contents
Introduction

• Introduction
• The History of the City
• The Monocentric City
• Urban Transportation
• Housing, Housing Markets and Housing Policy
• Polycentric City and Edge City
• Systems of Cities

3
Data (1)
Introduction

• Proportion of the world's population in cities
• 1800 less than 2
• 1850 2.3
• 1900 5.5
• 1950 more than 13

4
Data (2)
Introduction

• Cities with population over 100.000
• 1960 nearly 900
• 1800 perhaps 20
• Cities with population over 1.000.000
• 1960 nearly 50
• 1800 0

5
Data (3)
Introduction
6
Definition City
Introduction

• City is defined as a single continuous and
  contiguous area of urban delevopment (McCann
  2001).
• City refers to the area over which a local
  government exercises political authority
  (Sullivan 1990).
• Another term for city is municipality (Sullivan
  1990).

7
Definition Urban area
Introduction

• A geographical area is considered urban if it
  contains a large number of people in a relatively
  small area.

8
Definition Urbanized Area
Introduction

• An urbanized area includes at least one large
  central city (municipality) and the surrounding
  area with population density exceeding 1.000
  people per acre.

9
Economy and Space
Introduction

• The Neoclassical Approach
• The Theory of Polarisation
• The Locational Approach

10
Economy and Geography
Introduction

• Weber (1909)
• Marshall (1920)
• Hotelling (1929)
• Palander (1935)
• Hoover (1948)
• Perroux (1950)
• Lösch (1954)

• Moses (1958)
• Isard (1956)
• Chinitz (1961)
• Vernon (1960)
• Christaller (1966)
• Alonso (1964)
• etc.

11
Economy and Space
Introduction

• The Neoclassical Approach
• The Theory of Polarisation
• Porter (1990)
• Krugman (1991)
• The Locational Approach