Bellringer

1
Bellringer

• A A C T A C G G T
• T T G A T G C C A
• What things could happen if one of these bases
  match up wrong?

2
Mutations

• Def Any change in a DNA sequence
• Causes
• A mistake in replication
• Environmental causes (mutagens) like chemicals
  in cigarettes and the sun

3
3 Types of Mutations

• Deletion one base is removed
• Addition (insertion) one base pair is added
• Substitution one base is substituted for another

4
Example of a Deletion

• Original DNA A A C T A C G G T
• Deletion A A C A C G G T
• Result The T gets deleted

5
Example of an Insertion

• Original DNA A A C T A C G G T
• Insertion A A A C T A C G G T
• Result An extra A gets inserted between the A
  and C

6
Example of Substitution

• Original DNA A A C T A C G G T
• Substitution A A C T T C G G T
• Result The A gets replaced with a T

7
So, whats the big deal?

• Mutations happen all the time
• most of the time they are fixed by our bodies

8
If they are not fixed, 3 things could happen

• Absolutely nothing
• occurs most of the time
• A small change
• like having 2 different color eyes
• a change that does not effect the way you live

9

• A BIG change
• like getting a disease or being able to blend in
  to your environment better
• has a big effect on how you live

10
If you were a deer would you survive better with
a brown coat or a white coat in VA?
Is having a white coat a small effect or a big
effect mutation?