Occupation Related Health Conditions

1
Occupation Related Health Conditions

• Public Health

2
Introduction

• Statistics
• Approximately 10 million people are injured each
  year as a result of events which occur on the job
• In addition, 430 thousand work-related illness
  occur each year
• On the average, 9000 disabling injuries occur on
  the job each day
• Approximately, 16 of these will result in death

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Occupational illness New cases/yr

• Repeated trauma 276,000 or 64
• Skin Diseases and disorders 57,000/13
• Respiratory conditions due to toxic agents
• 20,300/5
• Disorders due to physical agents 16,600/4
• Poisoning 5,100/1
• Dust diseases of the lungs 2,900/1
• Other occupational illness 50,600/12

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• Ten Leading Work-related diseases and injury
  NIOSH
• Occupational Lung Diseases
• Musculo-skeletal Injuries
• Occupational Cancers
• Occupational Traumatic Injuries
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Disorders of Reproduction
• Neuro-toxic Disorders
• Noise-induced Hearing Loss
• Dermatological Conditions
• Pyschological Disorders

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Occupational Lung Diseaes

• Pneumoconioses
• Asbestosis
• Mesothelioma
• Siliocosis
• Byssinosis
• Beryllosis
• Pulmonary Carcinoma

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Asbestosis

• Pathology diffuse interstitial fibrosis
  resulting in lung scarring and pulmonary
  insufficiency
• Risk inhalation of small particles of asbestos
• High risk occupations
• Factory workers, insulators, shipyard workers,
  brake repairmen, etc.

7
Silicosis

• Pathology fibrous nodular scarring within the
  bronchioles and alveoli due to immunological
  response to particles of silica dust
• Risk inhalation of silica dioxide, esp quartz
• High risk occupations
• Mining, stone masons, foundry workers, tunnel
  builders, pottery and glass workers, etc.

8
Byssinosis

• Pathology asthmatic bronchitis
• Risk inhalation of dust derived from cotton,
  flax, hemp
• High risk occupations
• Textile workers, agriculture

9
Beryllosis

• Pathology toxic or allergic pneumonitis
• Risk inhalation of beryllium or berylium salts
• High risk occupations
• Mining and extraction of beryllium, electronic,
  ceramic, nuclear industry

10
Occupation Musculosketetal Injuries

• Low Back Pain
• Sprains and Strains
• Carpal Tunnels Syndrome
• Tendinitis/tenosynovitis
• Rotator Cuff
• Bursitis
• Tension Neck Syndrome
• Cervical Root Syndrome
• Degenerative Joint Disease

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Traumatic Occupational Injury

• Lacerations
• Amputations
• Eye Injury
• Broken Bones

12
Occupational Cancers

• Lung Cancer ( See Lung Diseases)
• Smoking plus environmental chemicals and
  particulates
• Skin Cancer
• Prolonged and repeated exposure the U.V. Rays
  from the sun
• Bladder Cancer
• Smoking plus environmental chemicals
• Leukemia
• Viruses and environmental chemicals

13
Cardiovascular Diseaes

• Congestive Heart Failure
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Arrhythmias/Palpitations
• Myocardial Ischemia
• Cardiac Chest Pain/ Angina
• Myocardial Infarction
• Hypertension

14
Occupational Cardiovascular Risks

• Metals, Dusts, Trace Elements
• Antimony, Cobalt, Lead, Beryllium, Silica
• Inhalants and Chemicals
• Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Disulfide, Hydrogenated
  Hydrocarbons, Nitrates and Nitroglycerin
• Noise
• Psychosocial Stress

15
Disorders of Reproduction

• Male
• Azoospermia/Oligospermia
• Lead, ionizing radiation, anesthetic gases,
  pesticides, and other industrial chemicals
• Female
• Spontaneous abortion, reduced fertility, birth
  defects
• Chemicals such as lead, ethylene oxide,
  anesthetic gases, etc.

16
Agents affecting reproduction

• Lead
• Formaldehyde
• Radiofrequency/microwave radiation
• Waste anesthetic gases
• Dibromochloropropane
• Cadium
• Ethylene glycol/ ethylene oxide
• Chloroprene

17
Neurotoxic Disorders

• Statistics NIOSH estimated that 7.7 million
  workers are annually exposed to neurotoxic
  agents.
• The number of potentially neurotoxic chemicals
  used in industry exceeds 850 chemical agents.

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Neurotoxic Disorders

• CNS
• Mood and personality changes, delusions and
  hallucinations, psychoses, suicide
• Cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, lack of
  alertness, short attention span
• PNS
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Numbness, tingling, pain in feet and hands
• Clumsiness, incoordination

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Neurotoxic industrial chemicals

• Aniline
• Arsenic
• Barium
• Benzene
• Carbon disulfide
• Carbon tetrachloride
• Chlordane
• Chloroprene
• Hexachlorophene
• Lead
• Mercury
• Methanol
• Phenol
• Paraquat
• Organophosphate esters
• Styrene
• Toluene
• Orgnaochlorine insecticides

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Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

• Statistics
• 7.9 million manufacturing workers are exposed to
  gt80 db. (OSHA)
• 9.0 million manufacturing workers are exposed to
  gt 85 db. (EPA)
• 3 million workers in mining, agriculture,
  construction, transportation, etc are exposed to
  high decibel noise
• One worker in four exposed to 90db over a life
  time will develop hearing loss

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Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

• Damage threshold
• 90 dbA for eight hours Time Weight Avg
• For each 5 dBA above 90 dbA exposure time must be
  reduced by one-half
• Worker monitoring and protection must begin at 85
  dbA
• High Risk Occupations
• Manufacturing, Trade, Services, Other

22
Dermatological Conditions

• Contact Dermatitis
• Infections
• Dermatological Injury
• Lacerations and punctures
• Burns ( both chemical and Non-chemical
• Abrasions
• Cold
• Radiation

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Psychological Disorders

• Affective disturbance
• Behavioral problems
• Psychriatric Disorders(neuroses)
• Somatic Complaints