Plant Cells

1
Plant Cells
By Ashley Anderson
2

• Table of Contents
• The Cell Theory
• Types of cells
• Prokaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Cross section of a plant cell
• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Vacuole
• Nucleus
• Nucleolus
• Chloroplast
• Mitochondrion
• Golgi Body
• Ribosome
• Smooth ER
• Rough ER
• Centrosome
• Amyloplast

3

• The Cell Theory
• Every living organism is made up of one or more
  cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of structure or
  function.
• All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

4
The Cell Theory Why is the cell theory called a
theory and not a fact?
5

• Types of Cells
• Prokaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic Cells

6

• Prokaryotic Cells
• Very simple cells
• They contain only a membrane (sometimes a cell
  wall), cytoplasm and a strand of DNA
• Bacteria are prokaryotes
• The word "prokaryote" means before the nucleus

7
Eukaryotic Cells -Eukaryotic cells are more
advanced cells. -Composed of a cell membrane,
cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles -These cells
are found in plants, animals, and protests (small
unicellular "animalcules"). - Eukaryotic means
true nucleus
8
Cross Section of a Plant Cell
9

• Cell Wall
• Thick, rigid membrane
• Gives support and structure
• Bonds with other cell walls to form the structure
  of a plant

10

• Cell Membrane
• Inside the cell wall
• Thin layer of protein and fat
• Semi permeable, allowing some substances to pass
  into the cell and blocking others

11

• Vacuole
• Very large, takes up most of the cell
• Filled with fluid
• Helps maintain the shape of the cell.

12

• Nucleus
• Spherical body containing many organelles,
  including the nucleolus
• Controls many functions of the cell
• Contains DNA

13

• Nucleolus
• Darker region within the nucleus
• Where ribosomal RNA is produced

14

• Chloroplast
• Elongated or disk shaped
• Contains chlorophyll
• In charge of photosynthesis in which energy from
  sunlight is converted into chemical energy- food
  for the plant.

15

• Mitochondrion
• Spherical to rod shaped organelles
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Contains the enzymes necessary for turning food
  into energy

16

• Golgi Body
• Flattened, Layered, sac like organelle that looks
  like a stack of pancakes
• Located near the nucleolus
• Sorts, modifies, and packages molecules

17

• Ribosome
• Very small organelles that look like dots
• Composed of RNA
• Site of protein synthesis

18

• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - (Smooth ER)
• -Vast system of interconnected, membranes,
  located in the cell's cytoplasm
• Transport materials through the cell.
• It contains enzymes and produces and digests
  lipids (fats) and membrane proteins

19

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - (Rough ER)
• Covered with ribosomes that give it a rough
  appearance.
• Transport materials through the cell and
  produces proteins in sacks called cisternae
  (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted
  into the cell membrane).

20

• Centrosome
• Small body located near the nucleus - it has a
  dense center and radiating tubules.
• The centrosomes is where microtubules are made.
• During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome
  divides and the two parts move to opposite sides
  of the dividing cell.

21
Amyloplast - Amyloplasts are found in starchy
plants like tubers and fruits.- Stores starch
for the plant
22

• Cytoplasm
• The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus
  in which the organelles are located
• Enclosed by the cell membrane

23
People Who Made Early Contributions to
Cells Robert Hooke - The first person to see
cells, he was looking at cork and noted that he
saw "a great many boxes. (1665)
24
People Who Made Early Contributions to
Cells Anton van Leeuwenhock - Observed living
cells in pond water, which he called
"animalcules" (1673)
25
People Who Made Early Contributions to
Cells Theodore Schwann - zoologist who observed
that the tissues of animals had cells (1839)
More Info
26
People Who Made Early Contributions to
Cells Mattias Schleiden - botanist, observed
that the tissues of plants contained cells
(1845)
27
People Who Made Early Contributions to
Cells Rudolf Virchow - also reported that every
living thing is made of up vital units, known as
cells. He also predicted that cells come from
other cells. (1850 )
28
Bibliography
Answers. 2007. Colombia University Press. 8 Mar.
2007 lthttp//www. answers.com /topic/matthias-jak
ob-schleidengt. Answers. 2007. Colombia
University Press. 8 Mar. 2007 lt
http//www.answers.com /topic/theodor-schwanngt.
Biology Daily. 2007. Wikipedia. 16 Mar. 2007
lthttp//www.biologydaily.com/biology
/Anton_van_Leeuwenhoekgt. Boyd, Christine.
Catalyst Online. 2002. Carrolton University. 18
Mar. 2007 lt http//www.carleton.ca/catalyst/2002/
s3full.shtmlgt. Cell Anatomy. 13 Mar. 2007
lthttp//library.thinkquest.org/C004535/endoplasmi
c_reticulum.htmlgt. Cells Alive. 2006. 11 Mar
2007 lthttp//www.cellsalive.com/cells/centriol.htm
gt. Davidson, Michael. The Cell Nucleus. Florida
State University, 14 May 2005. 11 Mar. 2007 lt
http//micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/nucleus.
htmlgt.
29
Bibliography cont.
Edventures! Term Browser. PCS Edventures, Inc.,
11 Mar. 2007 lthttp//discover.edventures.com/func
tions/termlib.php?actiontermid1070 alphacsea
rchStringgt. Iyer, Shyamala. Ask a Biologist.
2007. 21 Mar. 2007 lt http//askabiologistasu.edu
/research /buildingblocks/rhooke.htmlgt. Kaar,
Marcus. Portrait. 2007. 12 Mar. 2007 lt
http//portrait.kaar.at/Deutsch sprachige
20Teil206/image11.htmlgt. Major Eukaroytic
Cell Organelles subcell parts with special
catalyrtic functions. 2007. 11 Mar. 2007
lthttp//fig.cox.miami.edu/cmallery/150/cells/orga
nelle.htmgt. McDarby, Michael. Good Stuff In Bad
Stuff Out. Transport of Materials. 2007. 11 Mar.
2007 lthttp//faculty.fmcc.suny.edu/mcdarby/Majors
101Book/Chapter_04- Cell_StructureFunction/03-Cel
l_Functions.htmgt. Mullen, Leslie. The Three
Domains of Life. 2001. 27 Mar. 2007
lthttp//www.spacedaily.com/news/life-01zm.htmlgt.
30
Biblography Cont.
Plant Cell Anatomy. 2001. 13 Mar. 2007
lthttp//www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants
/cell/gt. Plant Cells. 11 Mar. 2007 lt
http//www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/plantcells.htmgt. P
roveniers, Marcel. Dutch Experiment Support
Center. 2004. 14 Mar. 2007 lt http//www.desc.med.
vu.nl/NL-taxi/GraPhoBox/GPB-page1.htmgt.
Ribosome. 13 Mar. 2007 lthttp//www.cs.utexas.ed
u/users/s2s/latest/cell1/src/tutorial/ribosome.htm
lgt. Soylent Communications. NNDB. 2007. 18 Mar.
2007 lthttp//www.nndb.com/peop
le/356/000087095/gt. The Virtual Cell Web Page.
11 Mar. 2007 lthttp//personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/tex
tbook/chapter3/cyto1c.htmgt. Thinkquest. 25 Mar.
2007 lt http//library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01706/
cytoplasm.htmlgt.
31
V  D  I  T  T  S  A  L  P  O  L  Y  M  A  X  U C  
R  M  Y  T  W  O  G  N  P  P  B  U  G  X  P Y  I  
Z  V  C  E  L  L  M  E  M  B  R  A  N  E T  B  Z  
B  M  J  B  V  S  N  S  F  K  X  T  N O  O  E  A  
I  I  K  P  U  V  X  T  G  H  Y  W P  S  G  M  T  
M  R  I  E  A  F  A  Q  C  N  T L  O  Y  D  O  B  
I  G  L  O  G  E  L  H  N  V A  M  R  C  C  S  V  
R  C  F  C  L  L  L  S  H S  E  O  N  H  I  O  V  
U  Q  Q  O  A  O  M  L M  P  U  D  O  B  L  R  N  
L  C  U  W  R  O  G V  N  G  P  N  F  N  B  T  U  
E  C  L  O  O  L L  X  H  K  D  G  Y  P  I  N  H  
A  L  P  T  R L  R  E  Y  R  Z  L  G  X  O  E  V  
E  L  H  B F  T  R  A  I  P  R  M  N  Y  L  C  C  
A  E  L R  W  K  V  O  T  L  B  X  L  Q  U  M  S  
R  L B  W  B  G  N  A  P  Q  S  Z  L  T  N  T  V  
U