A Mathematical Toolkit

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A Mathematical Toolkit
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2.1 The Measures of Science

• Metric system designed by the French
• SI system regulated by the International Bureau
  of Weights and Measures in France

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Base Units

• The foundations of the SI system
• All other units are derived from these seven
  units
• Meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, mole, ampere,
  and candela

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Meter, m

• 1st defined at 1/10,000,000 the distance from
  north pole to equator pass through Lyons, France
• 1983 light traveling in a vacuum for
  1/299,792,458 s

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Second, s

• First defined as 1/86,400 of a solar day
• Earth is slowing down so time was not constant
• 1960s atomic clocks developed
• Now frequency of Cs-133 atom

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Kilogram, kg

• Mass of small platinum-iridium metal cylinder
• Not reproducible with natural occurrence

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Derived units

• All the other units are combinations of the base
  units.
• Newton, N is a kg.m/s2

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• SI Prefixes
• Scientific Notation
• Accuracy
• Precision
• Significant Digits

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Visualizing Data

• Graphs
• Linear Relationships
• Nonlinear Relationships
• Directly proportional
• Indirectly proportional

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• Independent variable is the variable the
  experimenter changes, x- axis
• Dependent variable changes as a result of the
  independent variable, y axis