Physiology of the Blood

1
Physiology of the Blood
2
Blood Components
p. 537
What percent of the total blood volume is
plasma? Identify the plasma proteins. Which of
the formed elements are phagocytic?
Figure 16-1 Composition of blood
3
Hematopoiesis Blood Cell Formation
p. 539
What factors may determine the line of
development from stem cells?
Figure 16-3 Hematopoiesis
4
Hematopoiesis in Red Bone Marrow
p. 543
Figure 16-5c Bone marrow
5
Cytokines involved in Hematopoiesis
p. 540
What kind of organic molecule are cytokines?
Under what circumstances would leukocytes release
these cytokines?
Does it make sense that the liver would have a
role in the regulation of platelet production?
Explain.
6
Focus on RBCs
Name the enzyme important in gas transport found
in RBCs, and describe its normal function.
7
Erythropoiesis
Explain the relationship between Intrinsic and
Extrinsic factor in this mechanism.
Normal O2 ? O2 ?O2 Red Bone
Marrow Kidneys Erythropoietin (EPO)
p. 541
tissue hypoxia ? HIF-1
Fe B12 Intrinsic factor Folacin
(cytokine/ hormone)
8
Iron Metabolism Key to O2 Transport by
Hemoglobin
p. 545
Figure 16-8 Iron metabolism
9
Platelets Hemostasis

• Formed by fragmentation from megakaryoctyes

Name some of the secretory products found in
platelets. Explain why there are numerous actin
and myosin filaments in platelets.
p. 548
Figure 16-10c Megakaryocytes and platelets
10
Concept Map Hemostasis
p. 549

• Identify the 3 main components of hemostasis in
  this figure
• blood vessel spasm (vasoconstriction)
• platelet plug formation
• coagulation
• What is agglutination, and how is it different
  than coagulation?

Figure 16-11 Overview of hemostasis and tissue
repair
11
Hemostasis Vasoconstriction Platelet Plug
Formation
p. 550
Figure 16-12 Platelet plug formation
ADP, serotonin thromboxane A2
Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)
Is this a positive or negative feedback mechanism?
Compare this figure to the one showing the
development of an atherosclerotic plaque (p.
527). What is the action of NO (nitric oxide)?
12
(local)
Estrogen increases factors VII-X decreases
antithrombin.
Note the role of Ca2 and positive feedback
mechanisms.
p. 552
13
Restoring blood flow
(from plasminogen)
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) also
activates plasminogen. Would this be part of the
intrinsic or extrinsic pathway? As a drug, how is
the action of t-PA different from that of
Coumarin (see p. 552)?
14
Development of an Atherosclerotic Plaque
p. 527
15
(continued)