AMINES

1
CHAPTER 19
AMINES
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
2
19.1 INTRODUCTION

• Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia, NH3,
  in the same way that alcohols and ethers are
  organic derivatives of water, H2O

• Like ammonia, amines contain a nitrogen
• atom with a lone pair electrons, making
• amines both basic and nucleophilic.

video1
3
CLASSIFICATION OF AMINES

• Amines are classified as primary, secondary,
  tertiary or quaternary, depending on how many
  alkyl groups bonded to nitrogen.

4

• R
• R N R X-
• R

4o amine
Quaternary amines are ionic and usually
existing as compounds called quaternary ammonium
salts.
video2
5
Example
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
Classify the following amines
1
2
Aliphatic amines
3
9
2
Aromatic amines
1
3
10
19.2 NOMENCLATURE OF AMINES
a) Primary amines

• Primary amines are named in several ways,
  depending on their structures.
• For simple amines, the suffix-amine is added to
  the name of the alkyl substituent (common name).

11

• Alternatively, the suffix-amine can be used in
  place of the final e of the alkane name (IUPAC
  system).
• alkanamine
• For aromatic amines
• aniline

12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14

• When multiple functional groups are present and
  the amine group NH2 does not take priority, it
  is named as an amino substituent.

Example
i)
O NH2CH2CH2CH2CCH3
5-amino-2-pentanone
15
ii)
CH3CHNH2COOH
iii)
2-aminopropanoic acid
3-aminobenzoic acid
16
Secondary amines

• In IUPAC nomenclature, the longest chain gives
  the parents name and the other group as a
  substituent on the N atom.
• For 2o aliphatic amines
• N-alkylalkanamine
• For 2o aromatic amines
• N-alkylaniline

17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
Tertiary amines

• The longest R group gives the parents name.
• For 3o aliphatic amines
• N-alkyl-N-alkylalkanamine
• For 3o aromatic amines
• N-alkyl-N-alkylaniline

20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
Aromatic amines

• Aromatic amines are named as derivatives of
  aniline.

Example
Aniline
23
2,4,6-tribromoaniline
4-methylaniline
24
N-ethyl-N-methylaniline