CHAPTER 8 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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CHAPTER 8FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• Meiosis a specialized form of cell division that
  produces unique haploid (N) cells (sex cells or
  gametes)
• Hapl (G) simple, single
• -oid (G) in the form of
• Fertilization the fusion of two gametes to
  produce a diploid (2N) cell, the zygote
• Dipl (G) double, two
• N the number of different kinds of
• chromosomes in the cell (23 in humans)
• 2N means that there are two of each kind of
  chromosome in the cell (46 in humans)

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MEIOSIS

• n
• n
• 2N
• n
• n
  
• Meiosis I Meiosis II
• Mei (G) less

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FERTILIZATION

• Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei

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SEX CELLS

• Gamet/o sex cell
• Gam (G) marriage
• Gamete sex cell (a cell that can
• fuse with another sex
  cell)

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FEMALE SEX CELL

• Ov/o egg
• Ov (L) egg
• Ovum female gamete (egg)
• Ovocyte female gamete (egg cell)
• O/o egg
• O (G) egg
• Oocyte egg cell
  
• Zona Pellucida
• Pelluc (L) transparent

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SECONDARY OOCYTE

• Pre-fertilization
  Post-fertilization
• 2o oocyte
• 2nd
  polar body
• 1o oocyte
• 1st polar body

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OVULATED EGG
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MALE SEX CELL

• Spermatocyte male gamete
• Spermatozoon male gamete
• Spermat/o sperm
• Sperm (G) seed
• Zoo (G) animal
• Acrosome tip of sperm
• head
• Acro (G) tip
• Soma (G) body

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MEIOSIS

• n
• n
• 2N
• n
• n
  
• Meiosis I Meiosis II
• Mei (G) less

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FERTILIZATION
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ACROSOME ACTIVATION
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FERTILIZATION BARRIER
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ZYGOTE
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TWO-CELL STAGE
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FOUR-CELL STAGE
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EIGHT-CELL STAGE
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SIXTEEN-CELL STAGE
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MORULA

• Morula a solid ball of cells
• Mor (L) a mulberry
• -ula (L) little

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BLASTOCYST

• Blastocyst stage that implants in uterus

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BLASTOCYST HATCHING
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IMPLANTATION
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GASTRULATION (1)
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GASTRULATION (2)
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EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES

• Amnion innermost fetal membrane (derived
• from epiblast)
• Amn (G) lamb
• Chorion outermost fetal membrane (derived
• from trophoblast)
• Chori (G) a skin (as in a water bag)
• Allantois a hind gut projection
• Allant (G) sausage
• Yolk sac a mid gut projection

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EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES (2)
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PLACENTA

• Placenta structure through which
• embryo derives nourishment
• from mother
• Placenta (L) a flat cake

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PRIMARY SEX ORGANSOvaries

• Gonads produce gametes
• Gon (G) seed
• Ovary female gonad

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OVULATION
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PRIMARY SEX ORGANS Uterus Oviducts

• Uterus contains developing embryo and
• fetus
• Uter (L) womb
• Uterine tubes Oviducts Fallopian tubes
• Metr (G) womb

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CERVIX

• Cervix neck of uterus
• Cervi (L) neck
• Vagina tube leading to outside
• Vagin (L) a sheath

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SECONDARY SEX ORGANS Vulva

• Vulva the external genitalia
• Vulva (L) a covering
• COMPONENTS
• Mons pubis
• Mons (L) mountain
• Labia majora large lips (outer)
  
• Labia minora small lips (inner)
• Labi (L) lip
• Hymen membrane partially occluding the
  vagina
• Hymen (G) a membrane
• Cliterus female homologue of penis
• Kleitoris (G) sheath
• Bartholin glands secretory glands at
  entrance to vagina

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VULVA
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SECONDARY SEX ORGANS (Mammary Glands)

• Mammary gland secretes milk
• Mamm (L) teat
• Lactiferous ducts carry milk to nipple
• Lact (L) milk
• Fer (L) to carry to bear
• Sinus expanded part of lactiferous duct
• Sinu (L) a cavity
• Mammary papilla nipple delivers milk to the
  infant during nursing
• Papill (L) a nipple
• Areola pigmented area surrounding the nipple
• Areol (L) a little open space

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MAMMARY
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TERMS (Ligament, Follicle, Corpus Luteum)

• Ligament cord-like connective tissue band
• Liga (L) tied
• Utero-ovarian ligament cord that
  fastens ovary to uterus
• Follicle sac-like structure
• Follicul (L) a little bag
• Ovarian follicle site where egg
  matures
• Corpus Luteum ovarian follicle after it has
  released a mature egg
• Corp (L) body
• Lut (L) yellowish

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TERMS (Fallopian Tubes, Fimbriae)

• Fallopian tubes lead to interior of uterus
• Gabriello Fallopio (16th century
  anatomist)
• Fibriae finger-like projections on the open end
  
• of a Fallopian tube
• Fimbri (L) fringe

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TERMS (Fundus, Endometrium, Myometrium)

• Fundus rounded, upper portion of uterus
• Fund (L) the bottom, base, largest
  part
• Endometrium epithelial mucosa lining
• interior of uterus
• Metr (G) womb
• Myometrium smooth muscle comprising
• the bulk of the uterus
• Uterine serosa outer membranous layer
• secretes a thin,
  watery fluid
• Serum (L) whey

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TERMS(Serosa)

• SEROSA WHEY

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COMBINING FORMS(Colp/o, Episi/o)

• Colp/o vagina
• Colp (G) vagina
• Colposcopy visual examination of
• vagina and
  cervix
• Episi/o vulva
• Episi/o (G) Vulva (L) a covering
• Episiotomy surgical incision into
  the
• perineum to enlarge vaginal orifice

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COLPOSCOPY
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EPISIOTOMY
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COMBINING FORMS(Galact/o, Lact/o)

• Galact/o milk
• Gala (G) milky
• Galactorrhea abnormal milk discharge
• Galaxy a large multi-star system
• Galactose a type of sugar
• Lact/o milk
• Lact (L) milk
• Lactose milk sugar

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COMBINING FORMS(Mamm/o, Mast/o)

• Mamm/o breast
• Mamm (L) a teat
• Mammography taking an X-ray piciture
• of a breast
• Mast/o breast
• Mast (G) breast
• Mastectomy surgical removal or all or
  part of
• a breast

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COMBINING FORMS(Metr/o, Metri/o, Men)

• Metr/o, Metri/o uterus
• Metr (G) uterus
• Metrorrhagia bleeding between
  menses
• Men/o month
• Men (G) a month
• Menorrhagia excessive bleeding
  during
• menstruation
• Menometrorrhagia bleeding during
  and
• 
  between menses

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COMBINING FORMS(My/o)

• My/o muscle
• My (G) muscle (mouse)
• Myomectomy surgical removal of
• uterine
  fibroids

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COMBINING FORMS(Salping/o)

• Salping/o fallopian tube
• Salpin (G) a trumpet
• Salpingectomy surgical removal of
• the
  Fallopian tube

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SUFFIXES(-arche, -gravida, -parous)

• -arche beginning
• Arch (G) first
• Menarche first mense
• -gravida pregnant
• Gravid (L) filled
• Primigravida first pregnancy
• -parous bearing, bringing forth
• Par (L) to give birth
• Primiparous has delivered one fetus
• (24 weeks or
  older)

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GRAVIDITY vrs PARITY

• Gravidity pertaining to number of
• pregnancies
• Parity pertaining to number of births
• (live or dead) 24 weeks or older
• Examples G3 P2 3 pregnancies, 2 births
• (one pregnancy did not last to 24 weeks)

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PREFIXES(Nulli-)

• Nulli- (L) no, not, none
• Nulligravida never pregnant
• Nulliparous never gave birth to 24 week or
  
• older fetus
• Examples G0 nulligravida (no pregnancies)
• G1P0 nulliparous (no births
  at or
• beyond 24 weeks)

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TERMS (Fibroids types)

• Fibroids fibrous masses in the uterus
• Fibr (L) fiber
• Leiomyomata (Leiomyomas) fibrous connective
  tissue and muscle tumores
• Lei (G) smooth
• My (G) muscle
• -oma (G) tumor
• NOTE e in leio is silent

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TERMS (Meconium)

• Meconium first stools produced by newborn
• Mecon (G) poppy juice