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ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE RULES
in ten poems
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On the name of a hydrocarbon or a molecular
skeleton the principal group, named suffix, is
attached on. These two make up the parent name,
index name or heading parent in which the
skeleton as well as only one suffix are present.
1,6-hexanediamine
NH2-(CH2)6-NH2
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4-piperidinol
HO
4-hydroxypiperidine
Do not use prefixes if no suffix is present
More information about parent names, molecular
skeletons and suffixes is available in section
1.1 of this booklet.
Working with the Chemical Abstracts nomenclature
very well is possible with the 'A Simple Guide to
the Nomenclature in Organic Chemistry' manuel.
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All remaining groups, atoms or radicals who are
in question are substituents and to be fixed in
front of this skeleton-suffix combination. When
the numbering is not skeletal determined then on
the suffix it has to be started.
HO-CH2-CH2-NH2
2-aminoethanol
3-cyclopentene-1-carboxaldehyde
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(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octatrienic acid
linolenic acid
trivial name
w-3,6,9-octatrienic acid
Wrong numbers
Substituents and priority are described in
sections 1.1, 1.2 and 4.2 of this booklet.
One unique name for one particular organic
compound is now attainable since the guide 'A
Simple Guide to the Nomenclature in Organic
Chemistry' is available.
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When the cations are kept out of
consideration the acid suffixes determine the
principal selection. Then esters, acid halides,
amides and nitriles continue the order of
precedence with in each case the sulfur
derivatives in respective sequence
2-(aminocarbonyl)benzoylchloride
4-sulfobenzoic acid
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4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile
p-hydroxybenzylcyanide
trivial name
A detailled list of substituents is presented in
sections 1.3.1. and 1.3.5. of the previously
mentioned booklet.
Are you interested in the Chemical Abstracts
nomenclature make use of the 'A Simple Guide to
the Nomenclature in Organic Chemistry' brochure
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The components based on the important
carboxyl are followed by aldehydes and ketones,
compounds with a carbonyl. Then alcohols, phenols
and thioderivatives follow respectively, amines
and imines will give the preceeding compounds the
priority.
oxobutanedioic acid
4-aminophenol
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4-aminobenzenethiol
4-mercaptoaniline
trivial name
4-aminothiophenol
trivial name
More information is available in sections 1.3.6.
and 1.3.9. of this 'Simple Guide'.
Thanks to 'A Simple Guide to the Nomenclature in
Organic Chemistry' working with the Chemical
Abstracts nomenclature has become very easy
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A (thio)ether, halogenide, nitro, nitroso and
iso(thio)cyanate function becomes always a
substituent and is for a suffix not under
consideration. Only recognized trivial names are
to be retained but most of the other ones are to
be rejected.
(trichloromethyl)benzene
1,1'-bipiperidine
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CH3
CH3
HO-C C-OH
2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol
CH3
CH3
pinacol
trivial name
For more details, look at section 1.3.10.
If you want to work with the Chemical Abstracts
nomenclature more specificly 'A Simple Guide to
the Nomenclature in Organic Chemistry' provides
you the expert quickly.
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The substituents are arranged alphabetically and
get the name prefix obviously. In the indexes the
compound names are inverted and the substituents
below the heading parent ordered.
1,1,1-trifluoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedione
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6-methyl-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide
A more extensive discussion of this theme is
presented in section 4.1.
In 'A Simple Guide to the Nomenclature in Organic
Chemistry' one hundred and fifty functions are
classified as prefixes orderly together with
their names and precedences as suffix respectively
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A three to ten membered monocyclic hetero
system gets a Hantzsh-Widman or a retained
trivial name. When the number of members in the
ring exceeds ten the replacement nomenclature is
needed then.
3-ethyl-1.2-dioxetane
1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane
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2-oxepanone
e-caprolactone
trivial name
Read section 2.2.2. if you want to know more
about the nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds.
Do you like to receive an unambiguous
nomenclature proposal the introduction 'A Simple
Guide to the Nomenclature in Organic Chemistry'
is at your disposal.
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Cyclic systems containing at least two rings of
five or more members are fused while the name of
a bicyclic smaller ring on a bridged system is
based. Rings who have only one atom to share get
the prefix 'spiro' before the name of the ring
pair.
2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro5.5undecane
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bicyclo4.2.0octa-1,3,5,7-tetraene
cyclobutabenzene
trivial name
benzocyclobutene
wrong
Rings and bridged structures are discussed in
sections 2.1.2., 2.1.3., 2.1.5., 2.2.3., 2.2.4.
en 2.2.6. of the 'Simple Guide'.
With the Chemical Abstracts nomenclature
system the name of a bridged or fused ring does
not cause any problem
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If cyclic systems have to fuse or substitute the
heterocyclic components always dominate Even a
fused ring with a bridge occurs one day. Ring
systems will take a cyclic name anyway.
dibenzob,e1,4dioxin
2-phenylfuran
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1,5-imino-3-benzazocine
2,2'-bioxirane
1,3-butadiene diepoxide
wrong
For more on cyclic systems look at sections
2.1.4., 2.2.3., 2.2.5. and 3.4.
Do you want to get used to the preferred Chemical
Abstracts nomenclature then simply download the
'A Simple Guide to the Nomenclature in Organic
Chemistry' brochure.
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The skeleton in the parent name is determined by
the suffix with precedence but if there is a
choice, nitrogen, heterocyclic, unsaturated ring
will make the sequence. With the alicyclic and
linear skeletons the series is almost
complete. In case of chains the suffix is fixed
on the longest candidate.
2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
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1-phenylethanone
acetophenone
trivial name
acetylbenzene
wrong
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
paracetamol, acetaminophen
trade name
p-hydroxyacetanilide
trivial name