MILK ENERGETICS

1
MILK ENERGETICS

• Leo Timms
• Iowa State University

2
ENERGY REACTION VALUES

• Reaction type energy value
• 
  kcal/mole
• 1. ATP--- ADP P 7
• UTP--- UDP P 7
• GTP--- GDP P 7
• 2. ATP --- AMP P P 14
• 3. NADPH ---- NADP 3 ATP 21

3
MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l)

• Protein 4 or 40 g / liter
• 50 liter X 40 g/ l 2000g synthesized protein
• 2000 g /(100 g/ mole) 20 moles AA in protein
• ENERGY NEEDED
• 1. Formation of AA - tRNA 14kcal / mole
• ATP ------ AMP P P
• 2. 2 GTP / AA at ribosome 14 kcal /
  mole
• TOTAL
  28 kcal / mole

4
MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l)

• Fat 4 or 40 g / liter
• 50 liter X 40 g/ l 2000g fat ( 50 made 1000)
• 1000 g /(256 g/ mole) 4 moles palmitate (C16)
• ENERGY NEEDED
• 1. 8 Acetate --- Acetyl CoA 112 kcal /
  mole
• ATP ------ AMP P P
• 2. 7 Acetyl CoA -- malonyl CoA 49 kcal / mole
• 3. NADPH ( 21kcal X 7 X 2) 294 kcal / mole
• TOTAL 455
  kcal / mole

5
MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l)

• Lactose 5 or 50 g / liter
• 50 liter X 50 g/ l 2500g lactose
• 2500 g /(360 g/ mole) 7 moles lactose
• ENERGY NEEDED
• 1. UTP ----- UDP- Galactose 7 kcal /
  mole
• UTP ------ UDP P
• 2. UDP- galactose ----lactose UMP 7 kcal / mole
• TOTAL
  14 kcal / mole

6
MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l)
Total energy expended for 50 kg milk Component
moles kcal/m Total kcal Protein
4 20 28 560
23 Fat 2 (.5 X 4) 4
455 1820 73 Lactose
5 7 14 100
4 TOTAL
2480
7
MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l)

• Caloric value of 50 kg milk
• Caloric
  value Nutritional
• Component grams per gram (kcal) value
  (kcal)
• Protein 2000 4
  8000
• Fat 1000 ( 2000) 9
  9000 (18,000)
• Lactose 2500 4
  10,000
• total fat TOTAL
  27,000 (36,000)
• 2480 kcal invested to produce 36,000 kcal
  product!

8
MATERNAL SUPPORT OF LACTATION

• Leo Timms
• Iowa State University

9
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT
10
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT

• INCREASED DIETARY NUTRIENTS
• - increased feed intake
• - increased GIT size
• - increased GIT absorptive capacity
• USE OF BODY RESERVES
• COMBINATION

11
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT

• INCREASED DIETARY NUTRIENTS
• rodents
• - increased feed intake 300 - 400
• - limited capacity to use body reserves
• COMBINATION
• cows, goats, pig - extensive
• humans, guinea pigs - minimal/modest
• mostly adipose/ some protein glycogen

12
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT

• USE OF BODY RESERVES
• Elephant seals
• single pup 28 day lactation
• Pup averages 10/ day BW gain!
• mother doesnt eat / drink for 28 days
• 42 loss in maternal BW
• 58 reduction in body fat content
• 14 reduction in body lean weight

13
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT

• USE OF BODY RESERVES
• Blue whales
• Mother weighs 80,000 kg initially
• mother gains 40-55,000 kg (pregnancy)
• single calf 2500 kg at birth
• 7 month lactation
• calf gains 80 - 100 kg / day
• mother produces 90 kg milk / day
• mother eats very little for 7 months

14
MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT

• USE OF BODY RESERVES
• Blue whales

25 points

• EXTRA CREDIT 5
• email answers to me
• ltimms_at_iastate.edu

DUE AFTER SPRING BREAK

• How much energy goes into 90 kg whale milk?
• Where do nutrients come from if it doesnt eat?
• What is the nutritional value of that 90 kg milk?