Botany

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Botany

• Plant World

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Botany

• Botany study of plants
• The overall purpose is to establish a
  foundational knowledge of plants

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Why study botany?

• 2/3 of the food we eat comes directly from plants
• 1/3 comes from the animals we eat which eat plants

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Going Basic

• Basic Plant Parts
• Stems and Roots

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• Shoot System
• Root System

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Herbaceous vs. Woody
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Herbaceous Plants

• Herbaceous Plants - Plants with very little or no
  wood

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Woody Plants

• Woody Plants a plant with wood ?
• Usually live a longer time compare to the other

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Plant Growth

• Annual - live and reproduce within one growing
  season.
• Biennial - live for two growing seasons usually
  reproduce in second year.
• Perennial - live for many growing seasons
  continue to reproduce once mature.

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Taproot vs. Fibrous
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Taproot System

• Tap Root System - straight tapering root that
  grows vertically down. It forms a center from
  which other roots sprout.
• Plants with taproots are difficult to transplant.
• The taproot is why dandelions are hard to uproot
  the top is pulled, but the long taproot stays
  in the ground, and re-sprouts.

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Taproot System

• Fibrous Roots - usually formed by thin,
  moderately branching roots growing from the stem
• very effective plants in fighting soil erosion

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Plant Safety Tip

• Leaves of three let them be

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Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans
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Facts about the Plants

• Most common allergy in the country claiming half
  the population
• Sensitivity to urushiol can develop at any time
• Everyone appears to react slightly different to
  all the remedies.
• Covered by workers compensation in some states
  (CA, for example)
• First published records of poison ivy in North
  America date back to 1600s
• Poison Ivy coined by Captain John Smith in 1609
• Western Poison Oak discovered by David Douglas
  (1799-1834) on Vancouver Island. Douglas fir also
  named after him.
• People will serious deficiency in cellular
  (T-cell) immunity such as AIDS patients may not
  have problems with dermatitis.

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Poison Oak Toxicodendron diversilobum
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True or False?

• Poison Ivy rash is contagious.
• False
• Rubbing the rashes won't spread poison ivy to
  other parts of your body (or to another person).
• You spread the rash only if urushiol oil -- the
  sticky, resinlike substance that causes the rash
  -- has been left on your hands.

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True or False?

• You can catch poison ivy simply by being near the
  plants
• False
• Direct contact is needed to release urusiol oil.
  Stay away from forest fires, direct burning, or
  anything else that can cause the oil to become
  airborne such as a lawnmower, trimmer, etc.

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True or False?

• Leaves of three, let them be
• False (sort of)
• Poison sumac has 7 to 13 leaves on a branch,
  although poison ivy and oak have 3 leaves per
  cluster.

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True or False?

• Dead plants will give you a rash.
• True
• Urushiol oil stays active on any surface,
  including dead plants, for up to 5 years.

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True or False?

• Breaking the blisters releases urushiol oil that
  can spread
• False
• Your wounds can become infected and you may make
  the scarring worse.
• In very extreme cases, excessive fluid may need
  to be withdrawn by a doctor.

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True or False?

• I've been in poison ivy many times and never
  broken out. I'm immune.
• Not necessarily true.
• Upwards of 90 of people are allergic to urushiol
  oil, it's a matter of time and exposure.
• The more times you are exposed to urushiol, the
  more likely it is that you will break out with an
  allergic rash.
• For the first time sufferer, it generally takes
  longer for the rash to show up - generally in 7
  to 10 days.

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Plants
Nonvascular plants
Non-seed vascular
Vascular seed plants
Vascular, seed plants that produce flowers
Several Divisions that include these
characteristics reproduce by spores, do not
produce seeds
Several Divisions that include these
characteristics tissues that conduct water and
other materials and reproduce mainly by spores
Several Divisions that include these
characteristics male cones and female cones can
be on separate plants or the same plant
Several Divisions that include these
characteristics monocotyledons and dicotyledons
(talk later about this)
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Plant Reproduction

• Angiosperms vs. Gymnosperm

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Angiosperm vs. Gymnosperm

• Angiosperm any plant that reproduces by seeds
  formed in flowers
• seeds covered by the plants ovary

• Gymnosperm (naked seed) a nonflowering seed
  plant that reproduces by seeds not covered by the
  walls of an ovary

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Angiosperms

• Most plants are angiosperms.

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Gymnosperms

• Your basic pine tree are gymnosperms.

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Leaves to Keep

• or not to Keep

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Leaves and Timing

• Deciduous
• lose their leaves each fall and are bare all
  winter

• Evergreen
• retain their leaves throughout the winter

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Plant Response
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Tropism

• Tropism organisms responding to a stimulus
• Positive tropism movement toward a stimulus
• Negative tropism movement away from a tropism

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Tropism

• phototropism positive, growing toward a light
  source
• geotropism pos. and neg., responding toward
  gravity
• chemotropism positive, toward chemicals
• hydrotropism positive, toward water
• thigmotropism toward touch

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