Acid Base Theories Sec' 19'1

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Acid Base Theories(Sec. 19.1)

• Madison High School
• Mr. Ricks

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Properties of Acids

• Sour or tart taste
• Can change the color of indicators
• Electrolytes in aqueous solutions

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Properties of Bases

• Bitter taste
• Feel slippery
• Can change the color of indicators
• Electrolytes in aqueous solutions

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Naming Acids ( Formula HnX)

• See pg. 272

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Naming Bases

• Follow same rules as for naming ionic compounds
• Ex NaOH is sodium hydroxide

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Arrhenius Acids and Bases

• Acids ionize to produce H (HCl)
• Bases ionize to produce OH- (NaOH)
• Monoprotic acid - contains 1 H (HNO3)
• Diprotic acid - contains 2 H (H2SO4)
• Triprotic acids - contains 3 H (H3PO4)
• See pg. 588-589 for more examples

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Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

• Acids are hydrogen-ion donors
• Bases are hydrogen-ion acceptors
• More inclusive than Arrhenius theory
• Ex NH3 is a base, carbonates are bases

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Conjugate Acids and Bases

• A conjugate acid is formed when a base gains an
  H
• A conjugate base is whats left after an acid
  donates an H
• A conjugate acid-base pair is 2 substances
  related by the gain or loss of a single H
• See pg. 591

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Hydronium ion a water molecule that gains an H
(H3O)

• Amphoteric substances can act as acids or bases
  (H2O)

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Lewis Acids and Bases

• Acids accept a pair of electrons
• Bases donate a pair of electrons
• Most general acid-base theory