In what ways do artists influence society?

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Photomontage
EQ's
In what ways do artists influence society? In
what ways does society influence artists?
Does art reflect culture or shape it?
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Enduring Understanding
Great art addresses universal themes of human
existence.
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Collage A work created by affixing various
materials to a picture surface
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Photomontage An art form in which images from
several photographs or prints are collaged
together to create a new meaning from the
resulting juxtaposition.
Photograph 1 Photograph 2 New Meaning
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Of the Berlin group, John Heartfield remains the
best known and revered as a result of his
single-minded devotion to anti-Nazi political
activism. However, his early montages were
collaborative efforts that resemble the work of
all the other Dadaists. He and George Grosz
experimented with cut-up pieces of newspaper and
photos of their fellow artists, and produced many
of the early designs for Dada posters and
manifestos.He had never been afraid to express
his views, even to the point of anglicising his
German name in response to the horrors of the
First World War. Heartfield and his brother
Wieland Herzfelde founded a publishing house
Malik-Verlag, which provided an outlet for his
highly provocative propaganda. Much of
Heartfield's best work was for the front cover of
the newspaper AIZ (Arbeiter-Illustrierte Zeitung)
which continued to publish in Germany until 1933,
when artist and newspaper moved to Prague to
escape Nazi persecution
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John Heartfield
Self-portrait, 1920 John Heartfield used his art
to protest the violent, greedy governmental
control of the Nazi party and Hitler's Third
Reich. He took a satirical approach, condemning
the anti-semite and the wealthy industrialist who
supported the German army. He witnessed a country
of hungry, desolate people in the midst of chaos
during the second World War, and through his art,
protested
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Adolf the Superman Swallows Gold and Spouts
Junk July 17, 1932 This piece was used as an
anti-Hitler poster in the 1932 election. It
refers to the financial backing Hitler received
from wealthy industrialists who feared Germany
would vote for a Communist government.
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Millions Stand Behind Me
Heartfield's use of captions was, and perhaps
still is, unsurpassed. Many of his best works
utilize famous quotes of leading Nazis, and
subtly undermine the intended message by quite
ingenious visual puns. So, when Hitler said,
"millions stand behind me", he was boasting of
his popular support, whilst Heartfield used this
to reveal the fact that the Nazis were being
bankrolled by leading German industrialists.
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And yet it moves! 1943 This piece refers to a
remark made by Galileo when he was forced to deny
his belief that the Earth moved around the sun.
Upon his release from the Inquisition, he stamped
the Earth with his foot and said, "And yet it
moves." This image shows that despite Hitler's
terror, the world survived.
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Peter Kennard
Peter Kennard has spent most of his life in
London, and has been considerably more involved
than most in the capital's political gatherings
during the last 25 years. His belief during the
60s and 70s was that photomontage had the power
to show the causes rather than the results. In
recent times however, he seems to have had his
doubts "There is a problem with montage in that
you see it everywhere now because of digital
technology. There is so much transformed imagery
around that people accept constructed images
without questioning their meaning. I think my
work was losing impact because of that."
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   The point of my work is to use easily
recognizable images, but to render them
unacceptable. To break down the image of the
all-powerful missile, in order to represent the
power of the millions of people who are actually
trying to break them. After breaking them, to
show new possibilities emerging in the cracks and
splintered fragments of the old reality.
Broken Missile, 1980, photomontage
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Art is not always destined for museums and living
rooms
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      Klaus Staeck  
Klaus Staeck is the "elder statesman" of post-war
European political montage. If anyone has taken
up the mantle of John Heartfield and
single-mindedly devoted himself to the cause, it
is Staeck. His main subjects have remained
constant throughout these years. They are freedom
of speech, peace, the environment, poverty, and
the constant struggle against political
hypocrisy. He wants his work to "make people
aware of the lies and the madness in which we all
live."
And new life blossoms from the ruins. 1982
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Untitled (Flag)? Untitled (Flag)? Scott
Mutter Untitled (Flag)?
For thirty years, Scott Mutter has employed
classic photomontage techniques to create a world
of his own -- a more perfect world. The hallmark
of Mutter's remarkable imagery is the distinct
sense that the elements of each picture belong
together, even though the combination may violate
the laws of physics. These photographs, which
Scott calls "Surrational Images," have a poetic
quality that invites highly personal
interpretations.They are provocative as well as
evocative.
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A lyric I wrote isn't meant to define this image
but to speak to it and at the same time to
introduce a truism of human nature I'm a
pilgrim on the edge, on the edge of my
perception We are travelers at the edge, we are
always at the edge of our perceptions. --Scott
Mutter, Surrational Images
Untitled (Escalator)?
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Jerry Uelsmann
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