Chapter Eleven The Fourteenth Century: A Time of Transition

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Chapter ElevenThe Fourteenth Century A Time of
Transition

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Calamity, Decay, and ViolenceThe Hundred Years
War

• Conflict between France and England
• Fought on French soil
• Poitiers, Crécy, Agincourt
• Joan of Arc
• Pillaging bands of mercenaries
• Introduction of the longbow

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Calamity, Decay, and ViolenceThe Great Schism

• Avignon Papacy
• Babylonian Captivity
• 1378, three rival claimants to the papacy
• Church reform
• Peasant Revolt of 1381
• Robin Hood myth

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Calamity, Decay, and Violence The Black Death

• 1347 1351 Bubonic Plague Epidemic
• Population decimated 1/3 of Europe died
• Boccaccios Decameron
• Eyewitness to the plague
• Fabliaux, exempla, romances
• Human Comedy vs. Divine Comedy

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Literature in Italy, England, and
FrancePetrarch (1304-1374)

• From Tuscany, South Florence
• Restless and curious
• Collected and copied ancient texts
• Poet Laureate of Rome - 1348
• Renaissance sensibility
• Keen interest in self
• Desire for personal glory and fame
• Secretum

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Literature in Italy, England, and
FrancePetrarch (1304-1374)

• Letter to Posterity
• Augustines Confessions
• Latin writings, Latin masters
• Vernacular Poetry
• Canzoniere sonnets, canzoni
• Inspired by Laura
• Petrarchism

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Literature in Italy, England, and
FranceChristine de Pisan (1365-1428?)

• First female professional writer
• Literary debate Romance of the Rose
• Attacked de Meungs misogyny
• A Letter to the God of Love
• The Book of the City of Ladies
• The Treasure of the City of Ladies
• Etiquette/advice for women

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Literature in Italy, England, and
FranceGeoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)

• English language as literary vehicle
• Skill in the art of human observation
• Canterbury Tales
• Narrative frame
• Cross-section of medieval society
• Social commentary

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Art in ItalyThe Italo-Byzantine Background

• Northern artists inspired by classical art
• France, England, Germany
• Italian artists rooted in Byzantine style
• Conservative, traditional

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Art in ItalyThe Italo-Byzantine Background

• Cimabue (1240?-1302?)
• Realism, anatomical understanding
• Emotional appeal
• Corporeal weight and strain
• Sense of space

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Art in ItalyGiottos Break with the Past

• Giotto da Bondone (1266?-1337)
• Realism
• Depth, volume through use of light and dark
• Three-dimensional modeling of figures
• imitate nature
• Naturalistic style
• Emotion and drama

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Art in ItalyPainting in Siena

• International Style
• Simone Martini (c. 1285-1344)
• vs. Giottos solid realism
• Grace, sophistication, splendor, elegance
• Application of Giottos Realsim
• Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti (d. 1348)
• Palazzo Pubblico fresco

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Art in Northern Europe

• Artistic language International Style
• Reciprocity of style (Italy, Northern Europe)
• Wilton Diptych
• Art from the Court of the Duke of Burgundy, Dijon
• Claus Sluters Well of Moses
• Limbourg brothers, Trés Riches Heures

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Late Gothic Architecture

• Florence Cathedral
• Brunelleschis dome completed in 1400s
• Duomo in Milan
• Blend of Gothic and Classical elements
• Secular public buildings
• Palazzo Vecchio, Palazzo Pubblico
• Doges Palace in Venice
• Englands Perpendicular style

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