Last Class (Quick Recap)

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Last Class(Quick Recap)

• XI. School Desegregation
• B. Standard of Proof for EP Violation
• C. Appropriate Remedies
• D. Length of Court Involvement
• E. Voluntary Desegregation
• XII. The Intent Requirement

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What we will cover today

• XII. The Intent Requirement
• A. Theory of Disparate Impact
• Disparate Treatment
• B. The Washington v. Davis Rule
• C. HOW to Prove Intent
• XIII. Gender
• A. Early Cases
• B. The Road to Heightened Review
• C. How Suspect is Gender?

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XII. The Intent Requirement
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XII. The Intent RequirementA. Theory of
Disparate Impact Disparate Treatment
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Griggs v. Duke Power
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The Theory of Discriminatory Effect
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Classification Within a LawMay Be Established in
One of Three Ways

• 1) law classifies on its face
• facially discriminatory
• 2) law classifies in its application
• facially neutral
• 3) law is facially neutral applied in neutral
  manner but has discriminatory EFFECT PURPOSE

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Five (5) Illicit Equal Protection Classifications

• 1) race (ethnicity, national origin)
• 2) gender
• 3) alienage (citizenship)
• 4) legitmacy (non-marital children)
• 5) exercise of fundamental rights

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EQUAL PROTECTION ANALYSIS
Type of Classification (that is Basis for Difference in Treatment) Level of Review (Classification is Subject to) Standard of Review (Classifications Used by Government Must Be . . .)
Suspect Classification Strict Scrutiny narrowly tailored to serve a compelling government interest
Quasi-Suspect Classification Intermediate Scrutiny substantially related to an important government interest
Non-Suspect Classification Rational Basis Review rationally related to a legitimate government interest
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Washington v. Davis
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The Theory of Discriminatory Purpose
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XII. The Intent RequirementB. The Washington v.
Davis Rule
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Discriminatory EFFECT (impact) Discriminatory
PURPOSE (intent) Prima facie EP Violation
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Palmer v. Thompson
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XII. The Intent RequirementC. HOW to Prove
Intent
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Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing
Development
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Gomillion
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Personnel Administrator v. Feeney
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race neutrality -------------------------------
--anti-discrimination
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Class Summary

• XII. The Intent Requirement
• A. Theory of Disparate Impact
• Disparate Treatment
• B. The Washington v. Davis Rule
• C. HOW to Prove Intent
• XIII. Gender
• A. Early Cases
• B. The Road to Heightened Review
• C. How Suspect is Gender?

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Next Class Assignment

• Review any reading we did not cover
• Text 781-792
• Michael M.
• U.S. v. Virginia (VMI)
• Nguyen v. INS
• Bernal v. Fainter
• Mathews v. Diaz